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Yuya Hattori Michiyo Suzuki Zu Soh Yasuhiko Kobayashi Toshio Tsuji 《Artificial Life and Robotics》2012,17(2):173-179
The pharyngeal pumping motion to send food to the bowel is a rhythmic movement in Caenorhabditis elegans. This paper proposes a simulation-based approach to investigate the mechanisms of rhythm phenomena in the pharyngeal pumping motion. To conduct the simulations, first, we developed a pharyngeal muscle model including 29 cell models which simulate the activity of each cell as a membrane potential based on FitzHugh-Nagumo equations. Then, to compare the response of the model with that of C. elegans, we calculated the electropharyngeogram (EPG), which represents the electrophysiological responses of the pharyngeal cells, using the simulated membrane potentials. The results confirmed that our model could generate the EPG similar to that measured from C. elegans. We proposed a computer simulation of the pumping motion to investigate the mechanisms of rhythm phenomena in living organisms. 相似文献
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Sun-Chan Jeong Ichiro Katayama Hirokane Kawakami Yutaka Watanabe Hironobu Ishiyama Nobuaki Imai Yoshikazu Hirayama Hiroari Miyatake Masao Sataka Satoru Okayasu Hiroyuki Sugai Shin-Ichi Ichikawa Katsuhisa Nishio Shinichi Mitsuoka Takamitsu Nakanoya Masahito Yahagi Takanori Hashimoto Kazunori Takada Mamoru Watanabe Tomoko Ishikawa Akihiro Iwase 《Journal of Phase Equilibria and Diffusion》2005,26(5):472-476
For the effective use of short-lived radioactive beams, soon to be available at the Tokai Radioactive Ion Accelerator Complex, the authors have developed a radiotracer method for diffusion studies in solids. The experimental test was performed by the measurement of the diffusion coefficients of Li in a sample of the compound βLiAl using an α-emitting radiotracer of 8Li (T1/2=0.84 s). It was found that the time-dependent yields of the α particles from the diffusing 8Li that was initially implanted in the sample could be used as a measure of the diffusivity of the tracer in a nondestructive way. The method was applied to measure the self-diffusion coefficients of Li in βLiGa, and for investigating how the Li diffusion in the Li ionic conductors is affected by the concentration of atomic defects (i.e., the existence of the atomic vacancies of Li and the defects in Ga sites that are replaced by Li). 相似文献
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Clinicopathological significance of intratubular giant macrophages in progressive glomerulonephritis
T Oda O Hotta Y Taguma H Kitamura H Sugai S Onodera I Horigome K Suzuki Y Shouji T Furuta S Chiba N Yoshizawa H Nagura 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1998,53(5):1190-1200
Very large macrophages, which we have termed "giant macrophages" (G-M phi), have been found in renal tubules, some containing cytoplasmic vacuoles. To elucidate their pathophysiological roles, we examined renal biopsy tissues from various primary glomerulonephritis (GN) and tubulointerstitial nephritis (TIN) using immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against M phi and other cell surface markers. Giant macrophages were absent or rare in TIN, minimal change nephrotic syndrome, and minor glomerular abnormalities, but G-M phi was plentiful in progressive glomerulonephrides such as IgA nephropathy with crescents, membranoproliferative GN, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and especially in crescentic GN. These G-M phi were usually seen in the lumen of renal tubules, but occasionally were found in the Bowman's spaces and glomerular tufts, and similar cells were also found in urine. Moreover, they frequently made contact with tubular epithelial cells expressing intercellular adhesion molecule-1, and the tubular epithelial cells in such lesions often had degenerative changes. Giant M phi may damage tubular epithelial cells from the luminal side. Phenotypically, G-M phi showed activated (CD71+) and mature (25F9+) characteristics along with features of M phi (CD68+), and the cytoplasm contained a great deal of lipids. The numbers of G-M phi in renal tissues closely correlated with the degree of hematuria (rho = 0.5, P < 0.001), serum creatinine value (r = 0.63, P < 0.001) in GN patients (N = 96) and with proteinuria in IgA nephropathy patients (r = 0.89, P < 0.001, N = 27). These data suggest that G-M phi are M phi that were activated and matured in certain active inflammatory sites, which flowed into tubules and then into urine. Thus, the existence of G-M phi in biopsy tissue or urine reflect the activity of GN and may have a predictive value for the progression of GN. 相似文献
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A neural oscillator with a double-chain structure is one of the central pattern generator models used to simulate and understand rhythmic movements in living organisms. However, it is difficult to reproduce desired rhythmic signals by tuning an enormous number of parameters of neural oscillators. In this study, we propose an automatic tuning method consisting of two parts. The first involves tuning rules for both the time constants and the amplitude of the oscillatory outputs based on theoretical analyses of the relationship between parameters and outputs of the neural oscillators. The second involves an evolutionary tuning method with a two-step genetic algorithm (GA), consisting of a global GA and a local GA, for tuning parameters such as neural connection weights that have no exact tuning rule. Using numerical experiments, we confirmed that the proposed tuning method could successfully tune all parameters and generate sinusoidal waves. The tuning performance of the proposed method was less affected by factors such as the number of excitatory oscillators or the desired outputs. Furthermore, the proposed method was applied to the parameter-tuning problem of some types of artificial and biological wave reproduction and yielded optimal parameter values that generated complex rhythmic signals in Caenorhabditis elegans without trial and error. 相似文献
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Hitoshi Takamura Hiroshi Sugai Masato Watanabe Takehiro Kasahara Atsunori Kamegawa Masuo Okada 《Journal of Electroceramics》2006,17(2-4):741-748
The preparation and oxygen permeation properties of the (Ce0.8Pr0.2)O2−δ − x vol% MnFe2O4 composites, where x = 0 to 35, have been investigated. The samples were prepared by the Pechini method. In the case of Ce0.8Pr0.2O2−δ, an oxygen flux density of 6 μmol⋅cm−2⋅s−1 (L = 0.0247 cm) and the maximum methane conversion of 50% were attained at 1000∘C. Unlike composites consisting of Gd-doped CeO2 and MnFe2O4, the oxygen permeability of the (Ce0.8Pr0.2)O2−δ – x vol% MnFe2O4 composites was almost constant regardless of the volume fraction of MnFe2O4; however, the optimum volume fraction of MnFe2O4 was determined to be 5 to 25 in the context of the chemical and mechanical stabilities under methane conversion atmosphere.
In addition, the surface modification of the (Ce0.8Gd0.2)O2−δ – 15 vol% MnFe2O4 composite was performed by using the FePt nanoparticles. The catalyst loading of 2.8 mg/cm2 on the both side of the 0.3 mm-thick (Ce0.8Gd0.2)O2−δ – 15vol% MnFe2O4 composite increased the oxygen flux density from 0.30 to 0.76 μmol⋅cm−2⋅s−1 in the case of He/air gradients; however, the effect seems to be reduced in the case of high oxygen flux density caused by
a large pO2 gradient. Moreover, the Langmuir-Blodgett film of the FePt nanoparticles were successfully prepared on the tape-cast (Ce0.8Gd0.2)O2−δ – 15vol% MnFe2O4 composite. Hydrophobic treatments for the surface of the composite were crucial to achieve high transfer ratio for the deposition
of the LB film. 相似文献
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S. Sugai Y. Mizuno R. Watanabe T. Kawaguchi K. Takenaka H. Ikuta K. Kiho M. Nakajima C. H. Lee A. Iyo H. Eisaki S. Uchida 《Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism》2013,26(4):1179-1183
The electronic and magnetic excitations at the spin density wave (SDW) transition are investigated by Raman scattering. The multi-orbital electronic states induce the Dirac nodes in the SDW gap. The excitations near the nodes and anti-nodes are separately detected in accordance with the two-orbital tight-binding model. The exchange interactions are found to be given by the second derivative of the total energy with respect to the angle of the moment from two-magnon scattering. The two-magnon peak has the large spectral weight above twice the maximum energy of magnon. It is interpreted by the magnetic self-energy of the electron spectral function in the localized spin model or particle-hole excitations in the itinerant spin model. 相似文献
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