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1.
Anaerobic co-digestion of food waste and FOG with sewage sludge – realising its potential in Ireland
Olumide Wesley Awe Yaqian Zhao Ange Nzihou Doan Pham Minh Nathalie Lyczko 《The International journal of environmental studies》2018,75(3):496-517
The severe environmental pollution in many countries is caused by indiscriminate discharge of large quantities of food waste (FW), fat oil and grease (FOG) and sewage sludge (SS) to the environment. There are many possible treatment routes, but anaerobic digestion (AD) is now well accepted for treating several kinds of organic wastes. But AD of FW alone presents some operational challenges because of substrates and variability. Anaerobic co-digestion of two or more substrates is better than single substrate digestion. This can use a plant’s unused capacity, in line with the trend to renewable energy. Co-digestion technology, although well established in many European countries, is still in its infancy in Ireland. There are problems with different regulatory arrangements. They should be resolved. The paper reviews anaerobic co-digestion technology is reviewed, with special focus on possible application in Ireland. 相似文献
2.
Landsiedel Justus Root Waleri Schramm Christian Menzel Alexander Witzleben Steffen Bechtold Thomas Pham Tung 《Nano Research》2020,13(10):2658-2664
Nano Research - Development of colored surfaces by formation of nano-structured aggregates is a widely used strategy in nature to color lightweight structures (e.g. butterflies) without the use of... 相似文献
3.
Hoang V. Le Phuong T. Pham Ly T. Le Anh D. Nguyen Ngoc Quang Tran Phong D. Tran 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(44):22852-22863
WO3 is a potential material candidate for construction of photoanode for solar driven water splitting. In this work, μm-thick porous WO3 photoanode is prepared by depositing a stable ink made of WO3 nanoparticles and Aristoflex velvet polymer in water using the doctor blade technique, followed by a sintering in air. The nature of WO3 nanoparticles, its loading mass on F-doped tin oxide electrode as well as sintering temperature are examined in order to optimize the photocatalytic activity of the resultant WO3 photoanode. The operation of WO3 photoanode is investigated by varying the light illumination direction and light incident intensity as well as changing the nature of the electrolyte. Dissolved tungsten in electrolyte is quantified by ICP-MS providing insights into the influences of electrolyte nature and operating conditions to the corrosion of WO3. It is proposed that the H2O2 and OH. radical generated as by-products of the photo-driven water oxidation on the photoanode surface are harmful species that accelerate the dissolution of WO3. 相似文献
4.
Anh Tuan Thanh Pham Oanh Kieu Truong Le Dung Van Hoang Truong Huu Nguyen Trang Huyen Cao Pham Phuong Thanh Ngoc Vo Thang Bach Phan Vinh Cao Tran 《Journal of the European Ceramic Society》2021,41(6):3493-3500
Structure modification has been found to tune significantly the transparent-conducting performance, especially mobility and conductivity of hydrogenated Ga-doped ZnO (HGZO) films. The strong correlation between film thickness and mobility of the films is revealed. The mobility increases quickly with increasing the thickness from 350 to 900 nm, and then tends to be saturated at further thicknesses. A higher mobility than 50 cm2/Vs can be achieved, which is an extra-high value for polycrystalline ZnO films deposited by using the sputtering technique. The thickness-dependent mobility originates from scatterings on grain boundaries and dislocation-induced defects controlled by thin-film growth. Based on the Volmer-Weber model, an expansion model is built up to describe the thickness-dependent crystal growth of the HGZO films, especially at the thick films. As a result, the 800 nm-thick HGZO film obtains the highest performance with high mobility of 51.5 cm2/Vs, low resistivity of 5.3 × 10?4 Ωcm, and good transmittance of 83.3 %. 相似文献
5.
Vu Hoa T. Nguyen Manh B. Vu Tan M. Le Giang H. Pham Trang T. T. Nguyen Trinh Duy Vu Tuan A. 《Topics in Catalysis》2020,63(11-14):1046-1055
Topics in Catalysis - Nano Fe-BTC/graphene oxide (GO) composites were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal treatment with a microwave-assisted method. Samples were characterized by X-ray... 相似文献
6.
Effect of Supports and Promoters on the Performance of Ni-Based Catalysts in Ethanol Steam Reforming
Thanh Khoa Phung Thong Le Minh Pham Anh-Nga T. Nguyen Khanh B. Vu Ha Ngoc Giang Tuan-Anh Nguyen Thanh Cong Huynh Hong Duc Pham 《化学工程与技术》2020,43(4):672-688
Ethanol steam reforming (ESR) is one of the potential processes to convert ethanol into valuable products. Hydrogen produced from ESR is considered as green energy for the future and can be an excellent alternative to fossil fuels with the aim of mitigating the greenhouse gas effect. The ESR process has been well studied, using transition metals as catalysts coupled with both acidic and basic oxides as supports. Among various reported transition metals, Ni is an inexpensive material with activity comparable to that of noble metals, showing promising ethanol conversion and hydrogen yields. Additionally, different promoters and supports were utilized to enhance the hydrogen yield and the catalyst stability. This review summarizes and discusses the influences of the supports and promoters of Ni-based catalysts on the ESR process. 相似文献
7.
Ajit Sharma Doan Van Thuan Thanh-Dong Pham Mai Hung Thanh Tung Nguyen Thi Thanh Truc Dai-Viet N. Vo 《化学工程与技术》2020,43(4):752-761
FeO-doped TiO2 nanoparticle photocatalysts were immobilized onto the surface of fibrous activated carbon (ACF) via a sol-gel process. As an adsorbent and photocatalyst, FeO-TiO2 on immobilized ACFs (FeO-TiO2/ACF) greatly improved the photocatalysis rate of hydrogen production as compared with pure TiO2 and ACF-TiO2 under UV irradiation and visible light. The addition of ACFs surface significantly reduced the photogenerated pairs of electrons-hole recombination, thereby promoting the photocatalysis action of doped photo-metal oxides of FeO-TiO2. Co-doping of FeO onto the lattice of the TiO2 approach can improve the absorption activity of visible light through photo-metal oxide of TiO2 and further enhance hydrogen production under visible light. The photocatalytic fabrics (FeO-TiO2/ACF) were effortlessly split out from the experimental solution for re-utilization and exhibited high stability even after five complete regeneration cycles. 相似文献
8.
Pham Thanh Hue 《西部皮革》2018,(16)
越南太原省大慈县文安乡位于三岛国家公园管理处,社区居民生活困难,收入低,所以目前森林资源侵害状况依然存在。其中,25-50岁的群人对森林资源的影响最大,50岁以上和16岁以下的群人对森林资源的影响较小。人们对森林资源的影响是:伐木,狩猎动物,收集柴火,收集蔬菜,收集竹笋、药用植物。统计结果表明,天然林中具有18种树木经常被开发利用,常用木柴12种,药用29种,食用17种。7种动物经常被猎食。这些影响使得森林结构相当大改变,生物多样性减少,森林结构破坏。造成这种情况的主要原因是人们意识不高,缺乏工作机会,缺乏耕种土地,农业生产没有满足用户的需求。因此,必要有有关部门的协调在违法森林法的处理,为人民改善物质和精神生活,教育宣传和提高执法的认识 相似文献
9.
S Mahanty CL King V Kumaraswami J Regunathan A Maya K Jayaraman JS Abrams EA Ottesen TB Nutman 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1993,151(7):3704-3711
Helminth infections in humans and animals are associated with strong T helper 2 (Th2) responses. To determine whether parasite-derived Ag preferentially expand a Th2-like cell population, a filter immunoplaque assay was used to enumerate the frequencies (F0) of PBMC and CD4(+)-enriched PBMC from individuals with helminth infections secreting selected cytokines in response to parasite-derived (PAg) and nonparasite antigens (NPAg). In 20 individuals with lymphatic filariasis, frequency analysis of PBMC secreting IL-4 and IFN-gamma indicated that the F0 of PAg-specific IL-4-secreting cells (geometric mean F0 (GM): 1/12,100) was 57-fold higher than the corresponding F0 of NPAg-reactive cells (GM: 1/692,000; p < 0.02). In marked contrast, the F0 of IFN-gamma-secreting cells responding to PAg (GM: 1/2,700) did not differ from those of cells specific for NAPg (GM: 1/3,400; p = 0.83). In another group of helminth-infected individuals, the F0 of highly enriched CD4+ cells secreting IL-4 and IL-5 in response to PAg (GMs: 1/2,600 and 1/5,600 CD4+ cells, respectively) were also found to be significantly higher than those specific for NPAg (GMs: 1/291,000 and 1/303,000 CD4+; p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively), whereas the corresponding F0 of IFN-gamma- and granulocyte-macrophage-CSF-secreting cells were equivalent for PAg and NPag. Furthermore, the proportion of PAg-specific IL-4- and IL-5-secreting CD4+ cells relative to all cells secreting the given cytokine were approximately 29-fold higher than the proportion of NPAg-specific cells secreting these cytokines. Again, the corresponding proportions of Ag-specific IFN-gamma-and GM-CSF-secreting CD4+ cells were equivalent for PAg and NPAg. Thus, in this ex vivo system, a circulating population of IL-4- and IL-5-secreting (Th2-like) cells has been shown to exist in humans; PAg appears to expand these cells preferentially. 相似文献
10.
JE Myers T Mieczkowski J Perel D Abbondanza TB Cooper JJ Mann 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,35(2):112-120
Serotonergic responsivity was assessed in 20 psychiatric patients by the prolactin response to a fenfluramine challenge test. During the fenfluramine challenge 6 of 20 patients (30%) spontaneously reported psychopathologic reactions that included: increased anxiety/agitation, psychotic symptoms, illusions, mood elevation, and anergia. The time of peak behavioral symptoms (2.5 +/- 0.8 hrs) corresponded closely to the time of peak increase in prolactin levels (3.0 +/- 1.1 hr). Abnormal behavioral responders had statistically significant greater increases in prolactin 1 to 4 hr after fenfluramine when compared to normal responders. Patients who developed an abnormal psychopathologic response to fenfluramine were characterized by higher levels of anxiety and agitation at the time of admission to the hospital but otherwise were not distinguishable on the basis of severity of other psychiatric symptoms. This study suggests that increased serotonergic transmission may trigger anxiety, psychosis, and mood elevation in specific vulnerable individuals, whereas other patients with similar psychiatric illnesses are not affected. 相似文献