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排序方式: 共有145条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ivona Kafedjiska Igal Levine Artem Musiienko Natalia Maticiuc Tobias Bertram Amran Al-Ashouri Christian A. Kaufmann Steve Albrecht Rutger Schlatmann Iver Lauermann 《Advanced functional materials》2023,33(34):2302924
The performance of five hole-transporting layers (HTLs) is investigated in both single-junction perovskite and Cu(In, Ga)Se2 (CIGSe)-perovskite tandem solar cells: nickel oxide (NiOx,), copper-doped nickel oxide (NiOx:Cu), NiOx+SAM, NiOx:Cu+SAM, and SAM, where SAM is the [2-(3,-6Dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9yl)ethyl]phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) self-assembled monolayer. The performance of the devices is correlated to the charge-carrier dynamics at the HTL/perovskite interface and the limiting factors of these HTLs are analyzed by performing time-resolved and absolute photoluminescence ((Tr)PL), transient surface photovoltage (tr-SPV), and X-ray/UV photoemission spectroscopy (XPS/UPS) measurements on indium tin oxide (ITO)/HTL/perovskite and CIGSe/HTL/perovskite stacks. A high quasi-Fermi level splitting to open-circuit (QFLS-Voc) deficit is detected for the NiOx-based devices, attributed to electron trapping and poor hole extraction at the NiOx-perovskite interface and a low carrier effective lifetime in the bulk of the perovskite. Simultaneously, doping the NiOx with 2% Cu and passivating its surface with MeO-2PACz suppresses the electron trapping, enhances the holes extraction, reduces the non-radiative interfacial recombination, and improves the band alignment. Due to this superior interfacial charge-carrier dynamics, NiOx:Cu+SAM is found to be the most suitable HTL for the monolithic CIGSe-perovskite tandem devices, enabling a power-conversion efficiency (PCE) of 23.4%, Voc of 1.72V, and a fill factor (FF) of 71%, while the remaining four HTLs suffer from prominent Voc and FF losses. 相似文献
2.
Magnus Wahlström 《Theory of Computing Systems》2011,49(2):273-282
A homomorphism from a graph G to a graph H (in this paper, both simple, undirected graphs) is a mapping f:V(G)→V(H) such that if uv∈E(G) then f(u)f(v)∈E(H). The problem Hom (G,H) of deciding whether there is a homomorphism is NP-complete, and in fact the fastest known algorithm for the general case
has a running time of O
*(n(H)
cn(G)) (the notation O
*(⋅) signifies that polynomial factors have been ignored) for a constant 0<c<1. In this paper, we consider restrictions on the graphs G and H such that the problem can be solved in plain-exponential time, i.e. in time O
*(c
n(G)+n(H)) for some constant c. 相似文献
3.
This study examines the effect of changing the floor from a 2-mm homogenous vinyl floor to a 4-mm heterogeneous vinyl floor (1.5-mm wear layer and 2.5-mm foam layer) on musculoskeletal symptoms in the lower extremities and low back among nursing assistants in a geriatric care centre. A pre-post design with a reference group consisting of nursing assistants from a similar geriatric care centre was used. Follow-up measurements were carried out 12 and 24 months after the intervention by means of questionnaires. At the 1-year follow-up, the pain intensity score in the feet of the intervention group had decreased compared with the baseline value and remained statistically significant at the 2-year follow-up. The decrease in pain intensity score of the feet in the intervention group was statistically significantly different from the reference group, both after 1 and 2 years. PRACTITIONER SUMMARY: The results show the importance of flooring in the workplace with regard to reducing musculoskeletal symptoms. Appropriate flooring is especially important in the female-dominated health care sector, where workers must stand or walk for long periods. 相似文献
4.
We study the problem of computing Nash equilibria in a two-player normal form (bimatrix) game from the perspective of parameterized complexity. Recent results proved hardness for a number of variants, when parameterized by the support size. We complement those results, by identifying three cases in which the problem becomes fixed-parameter tractable. Our results are based on a graph-theoretic representation of a bimatrix game, and on applying graph-theoretic tools on this representation. 相似文献
5.
6.
Toon Verstraelen Bartłomiej M. Szyja David Lesthaeghe Reinout Declerck Veronique Van Speybroeck Michel Waroquier Antonius P. J. Jansen Alexander Aerts Lana R. A. Follens Johan A. Martens Christine E. A. Kirschhock Rutger A. van Santen 《Topics in Catalysis》2009,52(9):1261-1271
Zeolite synthesis is driven by structure-directing agents, such as tetrapropyl ammonium ions (TPA+) for Silicalite-1 and ZSM-5. However, the guiding role of these organic templates in the complex assembly to highly ordered
frameworks remains unclear, limiting the prospects for advanced material synthesis. In this work, both static ab initio and
dynamic classical modeling techniques are employed to provide insight into the interactions between TPA+ and Silicalite-1 precursors. We find that as soon as the typical straight 10-ring channel of Silicalite-1 or ZSM-5 is formed
from smaller oligomers, the TPA+ template is partially squeezed out of the resulting cavity. Partial retention of the template in the cavity is, however,
indispensable to prevent collapse of the channel and subsequent hydrolysis.
相似文献
Rutger A. van Santen (Corresponding author)Email: |
7.
8.
Mikael Wahlström Miika Aittala Helinä Kotilainen Tiina Yli-Karhu Janne Porkka Esa Nykänen 《Virtual Reality》2010,14(3):197-211
Several studies indicate that virtual reality (VR) systems are useful for end-user participation in an environmental design
process. However, these systems can be costly and thus support for the decision whether to invest in a VR of some type is
useful. This study presents a novel method for analysing the usefulness of a VR system for the purpose of end-user participation.
We collected qualitative end-user opinion data in the real environment and then contrasted this data with the capabilities
of a VR system. Additionally, to better understand the capabilities of the VR used, we examined how the end-users perceive
the used virtual environment, which in this case was CAVE, an immersive VR system where projectors are directed to the walls
of a room-sized cube. In this way, we analysed whether the same functions and elements identified by end-users on the actual
wards could also be evaluated in the CAVE. Eleven nurses and 11 patients participated in the study by evaluating a bathroom
and/or four patient rooms modelled by the CAVE and the actual hospital wards. The CAVE was convenient for evaluating most
issues identified by the study participants in the actual hospital wards, i.e. aesthetics; correct location of equipment,
supplies and materials; distraction by or the good companion of other patients as well as window position and size and living/workspace.
However, it was not possible to evaluate with full certainty the possibilities for bracing against grab bars or other objects
in the VR, and this was found to be relevant to the independent functioning of patients with limited mobility. Also, due to
the relatively low luminance levels of projectors, evaluations regarding lighting were considered unreliable. Moreover, end-users
were not always certain about the sizes and sufficiency of space in the CAVE. Solutions to overcome these limitations were
proposed. 相似文献
9.
Kleinjan Marloes; Wanner Brigitte; Vitaro Frank; Van den Eijnden Regina J. J. M.; Brug Johannes; Engels Rutger C. M. E. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》2010,24(1):61
To increase understanding of the etiology and epidemiology of nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers, the present study examined the occurrence and development of distinct nicotine dependence symptom profiles in a sample of adolescent smokers. A total of 25 secondary schools throughout the Netherlands participated in a 1-year longitudinal study. Multiple dimensions of nicotine dependence were assessed, at two time points, among 641 adolescents (aged 14–17 years) who were classified as smokers. Results showed 4 distinct, yet stable, nicotine dependence subtypes that could be characterized by quantitative as well as qualitative differences. The symptom profiles were similar for males and females but differentially associated with previously identified correlates of nicotine dependence, namely parental smoking, peer smoking, and depressive mood. Finally, differential links of the 4 subtypes were found with regard to smoking uptake and cessation. The finding of qualitative different subgroups of adolescent smokers may have important implications for intervention efforts regarding nicotine dependence and smoking cessation. Such efforts may need to be tailored to the specific subgroups’ needs. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献