The application of internal grading system technologies for agricultural products – Review

Quality assessment of agricultural products has been the subject of numerous reviews; however, not many papers address internal visualization as a means of quality grading. This paper reviews established as well as emerging visualization techniques utilized in the quality assessment of food products. In this discourse, the authors set out to underscore some of the most novel signal processing techniques employed in the non-destructive grading of agricultural products by way of an automated quality verification system. Such systems utilize advanced engineering principles with imaging, signal processing as well as color differentiation to accomplish the grading task. The materials presented will be useful to agricultural engineers, manufacturing engineers, food engineers and any other researchers in the food and agriculture industries.     

Reservoir Operation by a New Evolutionary Algorithm: Kidney Algorithm

This article shows an application of a new algorithm, called kidney algorithm, for reservoir operation which employs three different operators, namely filtration, secretion, and excretion that lead to faster convergence and more accurate solutions. The kidney algorithm (KA) was used for generating the optimal operation of a reservoir namely; Aydoghmoush dam in eastern Azerbaijan province in Iran whose purpose was to decrease irrigation deficit downstream of the dam. Results from the algorithm were compared with those by other evolutionary algorithms, including bat (BA), genetic (GA), particle swarm (PSO), shark (SA), and weed algorithms (WA). The results showed that the kidney algorithm provided the best performance against the other evolutionary algorithms. For example, the computational time for the KA was 3 s, 2 s, 4 s, 6 s and 3 s less than BA, SA, GA PSA and WA, respectively. Also, the objective function for the optimization problem was the minimization of the irrigation deficits and its value for the KA was 55%, 28%, 52%, 44 and 54% less than GA, SA, WA, BA and PSA, respectively. Also, the different performance indexes showed the superiority of the KA compared to the other algorithms. For example, the root mean square error for the KA was 74%, 61%, 68%, 33 and 54% less than GA, SA, WA, BA and PSA, respectively. Different multi criteria decision models were used to select the best models. The results showed that the KA achieved the first rank for the optimization problem and thus, it shows a high potential to be applied for different problems in the field of water resources management.     

Characterization of composition,antioxidant potential and microbial organisms upon submerged <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer arietinum</Emphasis> fermentation

The aim of this work was to investigate the composition, antioxidant potential and microbial content of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) steep liquor (CSL) during a submerged fermentation. Chickpea seeds (250 g) were soaked in boiled distilled water (1:2, w/v) for 24 h at 37 °C then filtered and freeze-dried to obtain 8.2 g of CSL. Lysine was the main amino acid accounted for 77.0 % of total free amino acids followed by serine (6.49 %). The results of total amino acids found in CSL indicated that arginine was the main amino acid accounted for 24.0 % of total amino acids followed by tyrosine (20.0 %). Total carbohydrate in the freeze-dried CSL was 1.47 %, wherein reducing sugar was 1.25 % of total carbohydrates. Levels of nicotinic acid, pyridoxine, thiamin, riboflavin, folic acid, and vitamin B₁₂ were 14.3, 3.14, 24.2, 1.11, 0.59 and 24.5 mg/100 mg CSL, respectively. CSL exhibited antioxidant activity (AA) wherein AA was increased with increasing the fermentation time. After 24 h of fermentation, AA of CSL reached 77.0 % while tertiary butyl hydroquinone exhibited 82.0 %. Twenty-five Bacilli isolates were separated from freeze-dried CSL on nutrient broth medium. CSL might be used as an alternative to yeast extract for syngas fermentation because it is rich in nutrients and cheaper compared to yeast extract.     

集散控制系统在硫化车间中的应用研究

研制了一种硫化车间二级控制系统。并给出了一种信息传输时减少误码的方法。