Freestanding hierarchical porous carbon film derived from hybrid nanocellulose for high-power supercapacitors

Nanocellulose is a sustainable and eco-friendly nanomaterial derived from renewable biomass.In this study,we utilized the structural advantages of two types of nanocellulose and fabricated freestanding carbonized hybrid nanocellulose films as electrode materials for supercapacitors.The long cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) formed a macroporous framework,and the short cellulose nanocrystals were assembled around the CNF framework and generated micro/mesopores.This two-level hierarchical porous structure was successfully preserved during carbonization because of a thin atomic layer deposited (ALD) Al2O3 conformal coating,which effectively prevented the aggregation of nanocellulose.These carbonized,partially graphitized nanocellulose fibers were interconnected,forming an integrated and highly conductive network with a large specific surface area of 1,244 m2·g-1.The two-level hierarchical porous structure facilitated fast ion transport in the film.When tested as an electrode material with a high mass loading of 4 mg·cm-2 for supercapacitors,the hierarchical porous carbon film derived from hybrid nanocellulose exhibited a specific capacitance of 170 F.g-1and extraordinary performance at high current densities.Even at a very high current of 50 A·g-1,it retained 65％ of its original specific capacitance,which makes it a promising electrode material for high-power applications.     

The Effect of Deformation Heating on Restoration and Constitutive Equation of a Wrought Equi-Atomic NiTi Alloy

In this study, a set of constitutive equation corrected for deformation heating is proposed for a near equi-atomic NiTi shape memory alloy using isothermal hot compression tests in temperature range of 700 to 1000 °C and strain rate of 0.001 to 1 s⁻¹. In order to determine the temperature rise due to deformation heating, Abaqus simulation was employed and varied thermal properties were considered in the simulation. The results of hot compression tests showed that at low pre-set temperatures and high strain rates the flow curves exhibit a softening, while after correction of deformation heating the softening is vanished. Using the corrected flow curves, the power-law constitutive equation of the alloy was established and the variation of constitutive constants with strain was determined. Moreover, it was found that deformation heating introduces an average relative error of about 9.5% at temperature of 800 °C and strain rate of 0.1 s⁻¹. The very good agreement between the fitted flow stress (by constitutive equation) and the measured ones indicates the accuracy of the constitutive equation in analyzing the hot deformation behavior of equi-atomic NiTi alloy.     

The potential for greenhouse gases mitigation in household sector of Iran: cases of price reform/efficiency improvement and scenario for 2000–2010

Iran's demographic profile is sharply youth oriented and this upcoming generation's needs for employment and housing, coupled with low-energy efficiency vectors and consumption patterns, has created a constant rise in energy demand and greenhouse gas (GHGs) emissions in the residential sector. Improved energy efficiency as a national policy lynchpin for demand reduction and GHGs mitigation, has become commonplace. OPEC countries however, Iran included, suffer an obvious lack of consumer incentive because of low fuel prices. This study evaluates the twin impacts of price reform and efficiency programs on energy carriers’ consumption and GHGs mitigation in the Iranian housing sector. For this purpose, the demand functions for energy carriers, has been developed by econometrics process models.     

Temperament and the development of personality.

Presents a psychobiological approach to personality development, incorporating developmental principles outlined by R. B. Cairns (1979). The authors review individual differences in temperament and ask how a temperamental approach to personality might be congruent with these complex and flexible principles. Then, the nature of temperamental processes is illustrated by considering several developmental topics. The interaction of infant distress-proneness and maternal behavior in the development of attachment is considered, and the development of self-regulatory mechanisms, emphasizing development of conscience, aggression, and mastery motivation, is described. Finally, mechanisms of temperament and environment interaction, illustrating these processes through variable developmental pathways for risk of adolescent and adult psychopathology, are reviewed. Throughout, the idea that temperamental models of personality development are dynamic, interactive, and fit well with Cairns's developmental principles is stressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Multi-target tracking using CNN-based features: CNNMTT

Multimedia Tools and Applications - In this paper, we focus mainly on designing a Multi-Target Object Tracking algorithm that would produce high-quality trajectories while maintaining low...     

Generating capacity adequacy evaluation of large-scale,grid-connected photovoltaic systems

Large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic systems have become an essential part of modern electric power distribution systems. In this paper, a novel approach based on the Markov method has been proposed to investigate the effects of large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic systems on the reliability of bulk power systems. The proposed method serves as an applicable tool to estimate performance (e.g., energy yield and capacity) as well as reliability indices. The Markov method framework has been incorporated with the multi-state models to develop energy states of the photovoltaic systems in order to quantify the effects of the photovoltaic systems on the power system adequacy. Such analysis assists planners to make adequate decisions based on the economical expectations as well as to ensure the recovery of the investment costs over time. The failure states of the components of photovoltaic systems have been considered to evaluate the sensitivity analysis and the adequacy indices including loss of load expectation, and expected energy not supplied. Moreover, the impacts of transitions between failures on the reliability calculations as well as on the long- term operation of the photovoltaic systems have been illustrated. Simulation results on the Roy Billinton test system has been shown to illustrate the procedure of the proposed frame work and evaluate the reliability benefits of using large-scale, grid-connected photovoltaic system on the bulk electric power systems. The proposed method can be easily extended to estimate the operating and maintenance costs for the financial planning of the photovoltaic system projects.     

An optimised low-salinity seawater decolourising method produces decolourised seaweed (Kappaphycuz alvarezii) as semi-refined carrageenan raw material:

Semi-refined carrageenan (SRC) production from decolourised Kappaphycuz alvarezii treated by chemicals (CaCO₃) drives the search for ‘greener’ decolourisation methods to sustainably supply cheaper and energy efficient products. Therefore, a decolourisation method of low-salinity seawater (LSS) (3, 9 and 15 g/L) was investigated to replace CaCO₃. In addition, decolourised seaweed colour powder (DSP) and SRC colour, yield, viscosity and gel strength were used to screen the salinity treatments. SRC prepared from LSS (3 g/L) treatment demonstrated similar colour and physical properties to CaCO₃ treatments, which indicated low-salinity seawater (3 g/L) could replace CaCO₃ as a decolourising agent. Moreover, purity of SRC (3 g/L salinity) were confirmed by x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy-energy-dispersive x-ray (SEM-EDX), and its functional group by fourier transform infrared (FTIR). In this study, waste seawater from LSS (3 g/L) exhibited radical scavenging properties. This decolourising method could be easily adopted by smallholder seaweed farmers in low- and middle-income countries.     

Multiple determinants and effect size.

Used a Monte Carlo study to investigate the magnitude of various relations among behaviors and traits in the context of a multiple-determinant framework (MDF). It was found that when only 3 traits determined each of 2 behaviors and the 2 behaviors were influenced by only 1 common trait, there was an upper bound correlation of about .30 between the 2 behaviors; there was also an upper bound correlation of about .50 between measures of the common trait and the behaviors. When only 4 traits determined each of the 2 behaviors with both behaviors being influenced by 1 common trait, there was an upper bound correlation of about .25 between the 2 behaviors and an upper bound correlation of about .45 between measures of the common trait and the behaviors. It is argued that researchers should abandon the implicit assumption of a one-to-one relation between traits and behavioral consequences and instead adopt an MDF in the study of behavior, focusing not only on the additive effects of multiple determinants but also on the interactions between these determinants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)