Filler effect of fine particle sand on the compressive strength of mortar

The river sand, which is a non-pozzolanic material, was ground into 3 different particle sizes. Portland cement type I was replaced by the ground river sands at 10wt%-40wt% of binder to cast mortar. Compressive strengths of mortar were investigated and the filler effect of different fine particles of sand on the compressive strength of mortar was evaluated. The results show that the compressive strength of mortar contributed from the filler effect of smaller particles is higher than that of the coarser ones. The difference in compressive strength of mortar tends to be greater as the difference in ground river sand fineness increases. The results also suggest that ASTM C618 specification is not practically suitable for specifying pozzolan in concrete since the strength activity index of mortar containing ground river sand (high crystalline phase) with 33.8wt% of particles retained on a 45-μm sieve can pass the strength requirement.     

Filler effect and pozzolanic reaction of ground palm oil fuel ash

This research examines the compressive strength of mortar and how the filler effect and pozzolanic reaction of ground palm oil fuel ash (POFA) contribute to this strength. POFA and river sand were ground to three different particle sizes and used to replace Type I Portland cement at 10–40% by weight of binder to cast the mortar. The compressive strengths of ground POFA and ground river sand mortars were determined at various ages between 7 and 90 days. The results showed that the compressive strength of mortar due to the filler effect of ground river sand was nearly constant during the 7–90 day period for a specified replacement rate of cement. However, the compressive strength of mortar due to the filler effect tended to increase slightly with increased cement replacement. The pozzolanic reaction of ground POFA increased with increasing particle fineness of ground POFA, replacement rate of cement, and age of the mortar. The compressive strength contribution from the pozzolanic reaction of ground POFA was much more pronounced than the contribution from the filler effect when the smallest sizes of both materials were considered.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Trans</Emphasis>-free margarine fat produced using enzymatic interesterification of rice bran oil and hard palm stearin

Trans-free interesterified fats were prepared from blends of hard palm stearin (hPS) and rice bran oil (RBO) at 20:80, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, and 80:20 weight % using immobilized Mucor miehei lipase at 60°C for 6 h with a mixing speed of 300 rpm. Physical properties and crystallization and melting behaviors of interesterified blends were investigated and compared with commercial margarine fats. Lipase-catalyzed interesterification modified triacylglycerol compositions and physical and thermal properties of hPS:RBO blends. Slip melting point and solid fat contents (SFC) of all blends decreased after interesterification. Small, mostly β′ form, needle-shaped crystals, desirable for margarines were observed in interesterified fats. Interesterified blend 40:60 exhibited an SFC profile and crystallization and melting characteristics most similar to commercial margarine fats and also had small needle-like β′ crystals. Interesterified blend 40:60 was suitable for use as a transfree margarine fat.     

Filler effect of fine particle sand on the compressive strength of mortar

The river sand, which is a non-pozzolanic material, was ground into 3 different particle sizes. Portland cement type I was replaced by the ground river sands at 10wt%?40wt% of binder to cast mortar. Compressive strengths of mortar were investigated and the filler effect of different fine particles of sand on the compressive strength of mortar was evaluated. The results show that the compressive strength of mortar contributed from the filler effect of smaller particles is higher than that of the coarser ones...