Palogue油田复合油藏动态响应及特征描述

以简单的复合油藏模型理论和方法为基础,以Palogue油田的实际测试井为例,介绍了复合油藏模型的试井动态识别与模型拟合,及与地质静态资料相结合的油藏综合描述过程.该描述方法将会对实际试井解释和油藏综合描述工作有所借鉴和帮助.     

Confined melting in deformable porous media: A first attempt to explain the graphite/salt composites behaviour

This paper deals with phase change in composite materials made of graphite and a phase-change material (PCM). The composites are manufactured by compressing a solid mixture of salt and graphite particles. In previous works, the interest of such materials for thermal energy storage at high temperature has been highlighted. They are characterized by quite high energy storage capacity as well as high thermal conductivity. However, first melting/crystallization of these composites could lead to significant salt leakage and shows some a priori unexpected features like melting over a range of temperature instead of at constant temperature and significant loss of heat storage capacity. A poro-thermo-elastic analysis is carried out in this paper for understanding salt melting within the graphite matrices and for proposing reliable ways for composite materials improvement. An intentionally simple think-model, based on mass and energy conservation equations, pressure-dependent liquid–crystal equilibriums, linear elasticity laws and Poiseuille-like flow, is proposed. In spite of the simplicity, the model turns out to be apt to explain main macroscopic features of materials melting as observed in calorimetric tests. The influence on melting dynamics of parameters like the heating rate, the pore-wall rigidity and thickness, the salt volume expansion and the pore connectivity is investigated and several ways for composite materials improvements are discussed.     

New shakedown criterion and permanent deformation properties of unbound granular materials

Railway Engineering Science - Unbound granular material specifications for road pavements in Australia are primarily based on physical material specification rather than mechanical...     

Optimization of vendor-managed inventory systems in a rolling horizon framework

This paper aims at designing a dynamic VMI system. In this system, the entire supply chain performance is optimized in terms of production planning at vendor’s site, distribution strategy, and inventory management at manufacturer’s site. We also explore some of the complications involved in setting up such a system. The VMI system is modeled as a mixed-integer linear program (MILP) using discrete-time representation. The mathematical representation follows the resource-task network (RTN) formulation. To address the complexity of the problem, different optimization-based solution algorithms are proposed and compared in terms of solution quality and CPU time. First, the problem is solved directly using an exact detailed model. Secondly, an iterative procedure combines a novel aggregate model with the detailed model to provide aggregate pre-matches for the detailed binary variables. Finally, a novel rolling horizon approach that simultaneously combines the aggregate and the detailed models is designed to solve the problem. The entire VMI system is tested with an illustrative example.     

Optimization of electro-oxidation and electro-Fenton techniques for the treatment of oilfield produced water

Electrochemical advanced oxidation processes are the most promising methods for destroying and degrading organic and inorganic pollutants present in produced water effluents. This study presents the electro-oxidation process using graphite electrodes and electro-Fenton process using iron electrodes for the treatment of real produced water. The effect of operating parameters such as current density on chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency was addressed. The result showed that electro-Fenton process was more efficient than electro-oxidation process where it gave 98% as maximum COD removal efficiency with energy consumption of 1.9 kWh/dm³ at H₂O₂ concentration of 12 mM, current density of 10 mA/cm², temperature of 25°C, pH of 3, and treatment time of 80 min compared with 96.9% as maximum COD removal efficiency with energy consumption of 3 kWh/dm³ at pH of 6, current density of 10 mA/cm², temperature of 40°C, and reaction time of 80 min when using electro-oxidation process. These results demonstrated that electrochemical technologies are very promising methods for the treatment of produced water from oil/gas industry, so it can be safely disposed of or effectively reused for injection and irrigation.     

Immobilization of Zn, Cu, and Pb in contaminated soils using phosphate rock and phosphoric acid

Considerable research has been done on P-induced Pb immobilization in Pb-contaminated soils. However, application of P to soils contaminated with multiple heavy metals is limited. The present study examined effectiveness of phosphoric acid (PA) and/or phosphate rock (PR) in immobilizing Pb, Cu, and Zn in two contaminated soils. The effectiveness was evaluated using water extraction, plant uptake, and a simple bioaccessibility extraction test (SBET) mimicking metal uptake in the acidic environment of human stomach. The possible mechanisms for metal immobilization were elucidated using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and chemical speciation program Visual MINTEQ. Compared to the control, all P amendments significantly reduced Pb water solubility, phytoavailability, and bioaccessibility by 72-100%, 15-86%, and 28-92%, respectively. The Pb immobilization was probably attributed to the formation of insoluble Pb phosphate minerals. Phosphorus significantly reduced Cu and Zn water solubility by 31-80% and 40-69%, respectively, presumably due to their sorption on minerals (e.g., calcite and phosphate phases) following CaO addition. However, P had little effect on the Cu and Zn phytoavailability; while the acid extractability of Cu and Zn induced by SBET (pH 2) were even elevated by up to 48% and 40%, respectively, in the H(3)PO(4) treatments (PA and PR+PA). Our results indicate that phosphate was effective in reducing Pb availability in terms of water solubility, bioaccessibility, and phytoavailability. Caution should be exercised when H(3)PO(4) was amended to the soil co-contaminated with Cu and Zn since the acidic condition of SBET increased Cu and Zn bioaccessibility though their water solubility was reduced.     

21—THE ACETYLATION OF COTTON

An account is given of a study of the effect of the amount of activating agent, the temperature, the catalyst, and the diluents used in the acetylation of cotton with perchloric acid as catalyst. Sulphuric acid was compared with perchloric acid as a catalyst. The effects of traces of water, the amount of acetyl chloride, and the rate of acetylation were studied in the acetylation of cotton with acetyl chloride and pyridine. The conditions in all cases were such that the acetylated cotton retained its fibrous form.     

Study of the inhibition of the corrosion of iron steel in neutral solution by electrochemical techniques and theoritical calculations

The effect of triazole organic molecules (triazole thiol and amino triazole) containing heteroatoms such as nitrogen or sulfur on the corrosion behavior of iron was investigated. Electrochemical studies of the iron samples were performed in an aerated solution of NaCl (3%) by means of electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well as polarisation curves. These results are completed with theoretical calculations, which allow determining the possible anchoring site suitable for bonding.