露天台阶下空区安全隔离层计算及稳定性分析

我国很多露天矿山存在开采境界下有空区危害的现象,安全隔离层厚度及稳定性分析是保证露天安全开采的关键,也是迫切需要解决的问题。以广东省大宝山露天矿开采为例,理论计算得出不同跨度下的安全隔离层厚度,再结合数值模拟软件建立二维空区模型进行模拟,比较理论计算和数值计算的结果。通过二者的比较最终得出不同跨度下最佳的安全隔离层厚度。最后就矿山具体存在的空区群,建立三维空区群模型进行稳定性分析。为露天开采境界下空区稳定性分析提供了一套系统的方法。     

岩爆烈度预测的改进物元可拓模型与实例分析

应用改进的物元可拓理论,并选取影响岩爆烈度的主要因素,如硐室最大切向应力σθ、岩石单轴抗压强度σc、岩石单轴抗拉强度σt以及冲击倾向指数Wet,以σθ/σc、σc/σt及Wet作为岩爆烈度评价指标,建立岩爆烈度预测的改进物元可拓模型。该模型首先确定岩爆烈度分级标准,通过隶属函数对分级标准进行隶属化,并确定节域隶属化范围,弥补特征值可能超出节域而使关联函数失效的缺陷;然后运用博弈论,将评价指标客观动态权重与主观静态权重优化、融合,克服传统物元可拓评价中单纯依靠特征值赋权而忽略特征本身对评价结果的重要性的弊端;最后通过最大关联度准则对岩爆烈度等级进行预测,从而建立岩爆烈度预测的改进物元可拓模型。为进一步考察该模型有效性及实用性,运用该模型对国内外20个岩爆工程进行分析。应用结果表明:该模型预测结果与实际情况吻合较好,且与传统物元可拓评价方法和模糊数学综合评价方法得到的结果相比,具有更高的准确度。     

单孔爆破振动监测与衰减规律多元线性化回归

岩体爆破振动效应与其影响因素之间存在复杂的非线性关系,准确预测爆破振动衰减规律是开展爆破设计与灾害控制的基础。在分析了传统萨道夫斯基公式存在不足的基础上,引入了考虑质点与爆心高程差的萨道夫斯基修正公式,并将其非线性函数关系式线性化,建立了爆破振动衰减规律多元线性数学模型;运用最小二乘法理论推导得到模型中K、α和β三个未知参量,获得了修正的萨道夫斯基爆破振动衰减多元线性化回归公式。针对铜坑矿锌铜矿岩体单孔爆破振动监测数据和工程地质条件,采用所提出的爆破振动衰减规律多元线性化回归公式对监测结果进行分析。研究结果表明,所提出的爆破振动衰减多元线性化回归公式可靠度高,且式中参量表达含义与锌铜矿岩体坚硬特性相吻合,能够为锌铜矿体后期爆破开采设计提供科学指导。     

Hazard degree identification of goafs based on scale effect of structure by RS-TOPSIS method

In order to precisely predict the hazard degree of goaf(HDG), the RS-TOPSIS model was built based on the results of expert investigation. To evaluate the HDG in the underground mine, five structure size factors, i.e. goaf span, exposed area, goaf height, goaf depth, and pillar width, were selected as the evaluation indexes. And based on rough dependability in rough set(RS)theory, the weights of evaluation indexes were identified by calculating rough dependability between evaluation indexes and evaluation results. Fourty goafs in some mines of western China, whose indexes parameters were measured by cavity monitoring system(CMS), were taken as evaluation objects. In addition, the characteristic parameters of five grades’ typical goafs were built according to the interval limits value of single index evaluation. Then, using the technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution(TOPSIS), five-category classification of HDG was realized based on closeness degree, and the HDG was also identified.Results show that the five-category identification of mine goafs could be realized by RS-TOPSIS method, based on the structure-scale-effect. The classification results are consistent with those of numerical simulation based on stress and displacement,while the coincidence rate is up to 92.5%. Furthermore, the results are more conservative to safety evaluation than numerical simulation, thus demonstrating that the proposed method is more easier, reasonable and more definite for HDG identification.     

可爆性分级的博弈论－物元可拓预测模型及其应用

建立了可爆性分级预测的博弈论－物元可拓模型,以弥补现有岩体可爆性分级方法的不足.首先确定岩体可爆性分级指标与分级标准,通过隶属函数对分级标准进行隶属化,并确定节域隶属化范围,弥补了特征值可能超出节域而使关联函数失效的缺陷;然后运用博弈论,将评价指标客观动态权重与主观静态权重优化、融合,克服了传统物元可拓评价中单纯依靠特征值赋权而忽略特征本身对评价结果的重要性的弊端;最后通过最大关联度准则对岩体可爆性等级进行预测,从而建立可爆性分级的博弈论－物元可拓预测模型.工程应用研究结果表明,在锌铜矿体中顶板围岩和矿体中等易爆,下盘围岩较易爆,预测结果与实际工程地质情况有较好的一致性,并提出了相应的矿山工程爆破控制措施.