基于发展科学探究能力的高中化学教学实践 ——以"元素周期律"章节为例

基于学生在学习元素周期律时存在的普遍问题改进了教学实践,分析了元素周期律发展学生科学探究能力的价值,设计了四个教学环节——趣味导入,成果展示;分析规律,做出猜想;设计方案,收集证据;梳理模型,迁移应用,并提出了三点针对学生探究能力发展的教学建议.     

皮革“霜”成因及其种类的初步鉴别

本文介绍了皮革行业中出现的四种“霜”——“盐霜”、“油霜”、“硫霜”、“霉菌霜”的成因，并介绍了皮革“霜”种类的初步鉴别方法及解决措施。     

Amination of biochar surface from watermelon peel for toxic chromium removal enhancement

Watermelon peel residues were used to produce a new biochar by dehydration method. The new biochar has undergone two methods of chemical modification and the effect of this chemical modification on its ability to adsorb Cr(VI) ions from aqueous solution has been investigated. Three biochars, Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, were made from watermelon peel via dehydration with 50% sulfuric acid to give Melon-B followed by oxidation with ozone and amination using ammonium hydroxide to give Melon-BO-NH_2 or Triethylenetetramine(TETA) to give Melon-BO-TETA. The prepared biochars were characterized by BET, BJH,SEM, FT-IR, TGA, DSC and EDAX analyses. The highest removal percentage of Cr(VI) ions was 69% for Melon-B,98% for Melon-BO-NH_2 and 99% for Melon-BO-TETA biochars of 100 mg·L~(-1) Cr(VI) ions initial concentration and 1.0 g·L~(-1) adsorbents dose. The unmodified biochar(Melon-B) and modified biochars(Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA) had maximum adsorption capacities(Qm) of 72.46, 123.46, and 333.33 mg·g~(-1), respectively.The amination of biochar reduced the pore size of modified biochar, whereas the surface area was enhanced.The obtained data of isotherm models were tested using different error function equations. The Freundlich,Tempkin and Langmuir isotherm models were best fitted to the experimental data of Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA, respectively. The adsorption rate was primarily controlled by pseudo-second–order rate model. Conclusively, the functional groups interactions are important for adsorption mechanisms and expected to control the adsorption process. The adsorption for the Melon-B, Melon-BO-NH_2 and Melon-BO-TETA could be explained for acid–base interaction and hydrogen bonding interaction.     

东津水电站大坝渗流量异常测值分析

大坝安全的正确判断是建立在可靠监测资料基础上的,因此需要对监测资料的合理性和可靠性进行检验。以东津水电站大坝为例,针对坝体及坝基渗流量原始观测成果中出现的明显异常数据,在成因分析的基础上,对明显不合理测值进行了处理,从而对坝体及坝基总渗流量实测性态做出了正确评价。     

Covalent triazine framework with efficient photocatalytic activity in aqueous and solid media

Covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs) have been recently employed for visible light-driven photocatalysis due to their unique optical and electronic properties. However, the usually highly hydrophobic nature of CTFs, which originates from their overall aromatic backbone, leads to limitations of CTFs for applications in aqueous media. In this study, we aim to extend the range of the application media of CTFs and design hybrid material of a CTF and mesoporous silica (SBA-15) for efficient photocatalysis in aqueous medium. A thiophene-containing CTF was directly synthesized in mesopores of SBA-15. Due to the high surface area and the added hydrophilic properties by silica, the hybrid material demonstrated excellent adsorption of organic molecules in water. This leads not only to high photocatalytic performance of the hybrid material for the degradation of organic dyes in water, but also for efficient photocatalysis in solvent-free and solid state. Furthermore, the reusability, stability and easy recovery of the hybrid material offers promising metal-free heterogeneous photocatalyst for broader applications in different reaction media.     

用于硅橡胶/铜箔有机硅增黏剂的制备与表征

以硅烷单体TMDSO(1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷)、1,2-环氧-4-乙烯基环己烷、D_4(八甲基环四硅氧烷)、VTES(乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷)和甲苯、120#白油、钛酸正四丁酯为原料,在铂催化剂条件下合成制备了两种增黏剂单体。着重探讨了增黏剂对硅橡胶/铜箔界面剥离强度、耐水、耐酸碱、耐盐和耐有机溶剂的影响。研究结果表明:在w(增黏剂)=2%(相对于硅橡胶质量而言)时,硅橡胶/铜箔粘接件的剥离强度由0.005 N/mm提高到1.570 N/mm,破坏形式由界面破坏转变为内聚破坏。同时,胶接件分别在纯水、w(NaOH)=5%、w(HCl)=5%、w(NaCl)=5%(相对于溶液质量而言)和丙酮中48 h胶层不脱落,胶层耐溶剂和耐酸性能有明显改善。     

High Power Fiber Bundle Array Coupled LDA Module

1 Introduction High power laser diode arrays (LDA) have many advan- tages such as small volume, long working life, high slope efficiency and high optical density, so they have many applications in medical treatment, material pro- cessing, and for the pumping source of solid laser and etc. But unfortunately, the LDA can not be easy to use directly in these fields because of their poor beam quality and extremely asymmetric divergent beams (!x≈ 5°～10°and !y≈20°～35°, for example), so it …