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本文以动理学理论的Boltzmann方程为基础,考虑明渠湍流床面附近猝发喷射和清扫运动对跃移层内运动颗粒的不同作用,分析了明渠中泥沙颗粒浓度垂线分布问题,得到了适用于包括跃移层、悬移层在内的统一浓度垂线分布公式。文中着重研究了跃移层内运动颗粒的浓度垂线分布,并将本文结果与实测跃移层内浓度垂线分布及实测跃移层顶部浓度进行了对比,结果表明理论与实验两者符合较好。 相似文献
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采用丁腈橡胶(NBR)及其氢化还原后产物(HNBR)为PVC/HDPE共混体系的增容剂,研究了增容剂结构、用量及丙烯腈含量对共混体系相容性的影响。发现丁腈橡胶(NBR29及HNBR29)对PVC/HDPE体系有较好的增容作用,而NBR40及HNBR40较差。当增容剂用量为2%,PE含量为8%~12%时,共混物具有较好的相容性,力学性能得到改善。 相似文献
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INTROGRESSING PHEROMONE QTL BETWEEN SPECIES: TOWARDS AN EVOLUTIONARY UNDERSTANDING OF DIFFERENTIATION IN SEXUAL COMMUNICATION 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Groot AT Ward C Wang J Pokrzywa A O'Brien J Bennett J Kelly J Santangelo RG Schal C Gould F 《Journal of chemical ecology》2004,30(12):2495-2514
As a first step toward understanding how noctuid moths evolve species-specific pheromone communication systems, we hybridized and backcrossed two closely related moth species, Heliothis virescens (Hv) and H. subflexa (Hs), which differ qualitatively and quantitatively in their multi-component sex pheromone blends. We used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) marker-based mapping of backcross families to determine which of the 30 autosomes in these moths contained quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the percentages of specific chemical components in the pheromone blends. In two previous backcrosses to Hs, we found a strong depressive effect of Hv-chromosome 22 on the percentage of three acetate components in the pheromone gland. These acetates are present in Hs and absent in Hv. Here, we describe how we introgressed Hv-chromosome 22 into the genomic background of Hs. Selection for Hv-chromosome 22 started from backcross 3 (BC3) females. All females that had Hv-chromosome 22 and a low percentage of acetates (< 3% of the total amount of pheromone components present) were backcrossed to Hs males. In BC5 to BC8, we determined whether Hv-chromosome 22 was present by a) running only the primer pairs that would yield the markers for that chromosome, and/or b) determining the relative percentages of acetates in the pheromone glands. Either or both genotype and phenotype were used as a criterion to continue to backcross these females to Hs males. In BC9, we confirmed the isolation of Hv-chromosome 22 in the Hs genomic background, and backcrossed the males to Hs females to eliminate the Hv-sex chromosome as well as mitochondrial DNA. The pheromone composition was determined in BC3, BC5, and BC11 females with and without Hv-chromosome 22. All backcross females with Hv-chromosome 22 contained significantly less acetates than females without this chromosome. In addition, BC3 females with Hv-chromosome 22 contained significantly more Z11-16:OH than BC3 females without Hv-chromosome 22. However, in BC5 and BC11 females, the correlation between Z11-16:OH and Hv-chromosome 22 was lost, suggesting that there are separate QTL for the acetates and for Z11-16:OH, and that the relative amount of the alcohol component is only affected in epistasis with other (minor) QTL. Now that we have succeeded in isolating the chromosome that has a major effect on acetate production, we can test in behavioral experiments whether the presence of acetates may have been a driving force for a shift in pheromone composition. Such tests are necessary to move towards an evolutionary understanding of the differentiation in sexual communication in Heliothis spp. moths. 相似文献
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政府门户网站是我国各级政府机关履行职能、面向社会提供服务的官方网站,是政府机关实现政务信息公开、服务企业和社会公众、互动交流的重要渠道。但是由于门户网站具有开放性、公开性以及广泛性的特点,其网站安全体系又有待完善,因此门户网站的安全管理工作得不到有效落实,这导致其网站的运作面临着许多潜在风险,进而造成损失。本文,从门户网站的相关内容入手,分析了政府门户网站面临的安全风险,总结政府门户网站安全体系中的技术要点。 相似文献
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Chao AC Ziadeh BI Diau GY Wijendran V Sarkadi-Nagy E Hsieh AT Nathanielsz PW Brenna JT 《Lipids》2003,38(4):425-429
One of the major survival challenges of premature birth is production of lung surfactant. The lipid component of surfactant,
dipalmitoyl PC (DPPC), increases in concentration in the period before normal term birth via a net shift in FA composition away from unsaturates. We investigated the influence of dietary DHA and arachidonic acid (AA)
on lung FA composition and DPPC concentration in term and preterm baboons. Pregnant animals/neonates were randomized to one
of four groups: breast-fed (B), term formula-fed (T−), preterm formulafed (P−), and preterm fed formula supplemented with DHA-AA (P+). Breast milk contained 0.68%wt DHA and the P+ group formula contained 0.61%wt DHA. In the preterm groups (P− and P+), pregnant females received a course of antenatal corticosteroids. At the adjusted age of 4 wk, neonate lung tissue was harvested,
and FA composition and DPPC were analyzed. Palmitate was ∼28%wt of lung total FA and no significant differences were found
among the four treatment groups. In contrast, DPPC in the B group lung tissue was significantly greater than DPPC in the unsupplemented
groups, but not compared with the P+ group. The B and P+ groups were not significantly different in DHA and AA, but were different compared with the unsupplemented (T, P−) groups. These results indicate that LCP supplementation increases lung DHA and AA, without compromising overall lung 16∶0
or DPPC. The shift in FA composition toward greater unsaturation in the groups consuming LCP supported improved surfactant
lipid concentration in preterm neonate lungs. 相似文献
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为了解决传统零电压零电流开关(ZVZCS)PWMDC/DC变换器滞后桥臂零压范围较小、环流损耗大的问题,采用串联双变压器、滞后桥臂带辅助网络和倍压整流电路,提出了一种新型零电压零电流移相全桥变换器.首先分析了变换器在稳态下的各种工作状态,给出了相关计算公式,并制作了一台实验样机进行原理验证.实验结果表明:该变换器能够在较宽的负载范围内实现滞后桥臂的零电压开通,重载下实现零电流开通,从而极大地降低高频电路初级开关损耗和次级电磁干扰. 相似文献
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Water hammer in coarse grained solid liquid flows in hydraulic hoisting for ocean mining 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
1 INTRODUCTIONIndeep seamining ,the polymetallicnodules ,gatheredbycollectingutilitiessuchasunderwaterrobots ,mustbetransportedtomin 相似文献