Wear Resistance of CO2 Corrosion Product Scale Formed at High Temperature

 To investigate the correlation between structure characteristics and wear resistance of CO2 corrosion product scales at high temperature and high pressure, an autoclave was used to prepare CO2 corrosion product scales on N80 steel in carbon dioxide corrosion environment. The correlation between wear resistance of the scales and many other factors, such as temperature, pressure, morphology, structure, velocity of fluid medium, sand grain size, and so on, was comparatively analyzed by a self assembled wear device, and the scale morphologies before or after being worn were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). And then the surface grain size and thickness of scale were measured. The results showed that the cross section of the corrosion scale was of a double layer structure, the outer layer of which was composed of regular crystals, whereas the inner layer was a thin scale of fine grains. The outer grain size and thickness of scale varied with temperature, and the initial wear loss was consistent with the surface grain size; at the same time, the total wear loss corresponded to the thickness of scale. Compared to wear resistance in different depths of the scale, it was found that the structure of scale was a double layer structure in cross section, and the wear resistance of inner layer was better than that of the outer layer; the closer the scale to the matrix, the greater was the wear resistance of scale; and the larger the size or the higher the rotary speed of solid grain in multiphase flowing medium, the more was the wear loss of scale.     

Effect of Additives on Melting Point of LATS Refining Ladle Slag

  To avoid slag sticking on the ladle immersion cover during the LATS refining and alloying process, the effect of Al2O3 on the melting point of the ladle slag was studied and the additives including CaF2, B2O3, Li2O, and CaO were used to decrease the melting point of the ladle slag. The melting point was measured using the hemisphere method. The results show that the addition of Al2O3 to the ladle slag increases the melting point. The fluxing action is not remarkable if only CaF2 or CaO is used as the additive. The fluxing action of the composite additive obtained by the mixing of CaO and CaF2 in the mass proportion of wCaO∶wCaF2=2∶1 is preferred. The fluxing action of B2O3 is also notable. When the B2O3 content in mass percent is in the range from 2% to 10%, the corresponding melting point is 1 380 ℃ to 1 290 ℃. The fluxing action of Li2O is the most remarkable. When the Li2O content is up to 5%, the melting point of the slag is lower than 1 300 ℃.     

Limit Cycle Containing Nine Critical Points in its Interior for a Class of Cubic Systems

Ｉｎｔｈｅｑｕａｌｉｔａｔｉｖｅｔｈｅｏｒｙｏｆｒｅａｌｐｌａｎａｒｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｔｉａｌａｕｔｏｎｏｍｏｕｓｓｙｓｔｅｍｓ,ｅｘａｍｐｌｅｓａｎｄｒｅｓｅａｃｈｒｅｓｕｌｔｓａｂｏｕｔｌｉｍｉｔｃｙｃｌｅｓｕｒｒｏｕｎｄｉｎｇａｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｐｏｉｎｔａｒｅｓｅｌｄｏｍｆｏｕｎｄ[1,2].Ｕｓｉｎｇｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｓｅｃｔｉｏｎｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆａｌｇｅｂｒａｉｃｃｕｒｖｅ,Ｌｉｕ[3]ｄｅｎｏｔｅｓｔｈｅｍｕｌｔｉｐｌｉｃｉｔｙｏｆｃｏｍｐｌｅｘｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌｐｏｉｎｔａｎｄｐｒｏ…     

吨能费用及其计算方法的探讨

从理论上的和实践上提出了对企业吨能费用的认识，解决了吨能费用的具体计算方法，对能源管理工作的深入具有一定的指导意义。     

轧钢加热炉节能、环保新技术———配合煤的研制和使用

我国目前大约有几百座轧钢加热炉，大多数都是燃用气体和液体燃料，但仍有相当一部分加热炉是烧煤的，目前对燃煤加热炉的研究相对较少，为确保轧制质量，达到较高炉温，一般选用热值高、挥发份高的煤；如大同块煤作燃料，为了减少污染，往往花大量资金在消烟除尘装置上下...     

轧钢加热炉配合煤的研制和使用

由几种不同的组份煤种和ＨＺ型添加剂按一定的比例配制而成的配合煤，用于轧钢加热炉，获得较好的节能和环保效果，节能约２％，加热炉烟气的林格曼黑度从原４－５级降到１级以下，烟气中ＳＯ２排放量减少５０％以上，１９９８年９月３０日通过了由浙江省科委主持的省级技术鉴定。