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1.
Amaryllis Audenaert Herbert Peremans Genserik Reniers 《Journal of Engineering Mathematics》2007,59(3):323-336
This paper proposes an analytical elasto–plastic model to describe the behavior of arches. The modeling is carried out using
the equations of (i) horizontal equilibrium, (ii) vertical equilibrium and (iii) equilibrium of moments. The latter equations
of equilibrium are ordinary differential equations which can easily be solved by adding boundary conditions, imposing restrictions
on the horizontal and vertical movement and on the rotation in the abutments of the arch. For masonry arches, including material
properties allowing the occurrence of cracks and the subsequent formation of hinges is required. The latter theory has been
implemented in a computer program (Matlab), offering numerical simulations. The software was used to illustrate two case-studies,
i.e., the assessment of an arch loaded with a vertical point load and one with a horizontal point load. 相似文献
2.
In musculoskeletal modelling, many muscles cannot be represented as straight lines from origin to insertion because the bony and musculotendinous morphology of neighboring structures causes them to wrap. The majority of these passive structures can be adequately described as simple geometric shapes such as spheres and cylinders. Techniques for describing smooth muscle paths around multiple obstacles have been developed for modelling use. Until now obstacle-set methods have combined the path of single structures. This does not analytically define the shortest smooth path around multiple objects. When a sphere is included in a multiple-object wrapping algorithm, muscle paths around that sphere are restricted to a bundle of planes containing the sphere center. This assumed restriction can compromise the iterative process for finding the true shortest muscle path that satisfies all restrictions of a smooth path. This can cause model instability. The new method involves the determination of the shortest smooth muscle path in a spherical and cylindrical wrapping algorithm. A typical example is musculoskeletal modelling of the upper limb, where the muscle fibers have to wrap over this combination of obstacles. 相似文献
3.
Maarten Houbraken Sofie Demeyer Dimitri Staessens Pieter Audenaert Didier Colle Mario Pickavet 《Natural computing》2013,12(2):277-289
Physarum polycephalum, a true slime mould, is a primitive, unicellular organism that creates networks to transport nutrients while foraging. The design of these natural networks proved to be advanced, e.g. the slime mould was able to find the shortest path through a maze. The underlying principles of this design have been mathematically modelled in literature. As in real life the slime mould can design fault tolerant networks, its principles can be applied to the design of man-made networks. In this paper, an existing model and algorithm are adapted and extended with stimulation and migration mechanisms which encourage formation of alternative paths, optimize edge positioning and allow for automated design. The extended model can then be used to better design fault tolerant networks. The extended algorithm is applied to several national and international network configurations. Results show that the extensions allow the model to capture the fault tolerance requirements more accurately. The resulting extended algorithm overcomes weaknesses in geometric graph design and can be used to design fault tolerant networks such as telecommunication networks with varying fault tolerance requirements. 相似文献
4.
George Caridakis Amaryllis Raouzaiou Elisabetta Bevacqua Maurizio Mancini Kostas Karpouzis Lori Malatesta Catherine Pelachaud 《Language Resources and Evaluation》2007,41(3-4):367-388
This work is about multimodal and expressive synthesis on virtual agents, based on the analysis of actions performed by human
users. As input we consider the image sequence of the recorded human behavior. Computer vision and image processing techniques
are incorporated in order to detect cues needed for expressivity features extraction. The multimodality of the approach lies
in the fact that both facial and gestural aspects of the user’s behavior are analyzed and processed. The mimicry consists
of perception, interpretation, planning and animation of the expressions shown by the human, resulting not in an exact duplicate
rather than an expressive model of the user’s original behavior. 相似文献
5.
Qiang Yuan Caijun Shi Geert De Schutter Katrien Audenaert Dehua Deng 《Construction and Building Materials》2009,23(1):1-13
This paper reviews the chloride binding of cement-based materials subjected to external chloride environments. Chloride ion exist either in the pore solution, chemically bound to the hydration products, or physically held to the surface of the hydration products. Chloride binding of cement-based material is very complicated and influenced by many factors, such as chloride concentration, cement composition, hydroxyl concentration, cation of chloride salt, temperature, supplementary cementing materials, carbonation, sulfate ions and electrical field etc. Four different types of binding isotherms, namely linear, Langmuir, Freundlich and BET binding isotherm have been proposed to describe the relationship between free and bound chloride, none of which can accurately express the relationships between free and bound chloride within the whole concentration range. Freundlich binding isotherm seems to be the most approximate one. However, some field data fit linear isotherm well. This may be ascribed to the leakage of hydroxyl ion. Many service life prediction models based on diffusion mechanism alone have been proposed during the past two decades. If chloride ion binding is not considered in the models, it underestimates the predicated service life. 相似文献
6.
Reniers GL Pauwels N Audenaert A Ale BJ Soudan K 《Journal of hazardous materials》2007,147(1-2):478-487
Trade-offs between economic and safety arguments exist in the operation of chemical installations, should knock-on calamities induced by fire accidents occur: a sudden installation shutdown might result in substantial economic losses, but may be needed to ensure safety. Due to the very rare nature of domino effect risks induced decision problems an adequate evacuation decision aid model to be used by plant safety management does, to the best of the authors' knowledge, not exist. This paper develops a tentative approach to calculate the economic gains and/or losses linked to the decision problem whether or not, and when, to evacuate chemical installation(s) threatened by possible domino effect risks. The proposed model is illustrated by a case-study based on empirical data. 相似文献
7.
Occurrence,prevention and remediation of toxigenic fungi and mycotoxins in silage: a review 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
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Eva Wambacq Ilse Vanhoutte Kris Audenaert Leen De Gelder Geert Haesaert 《Journal of the science of food and agriculture》2016,96(7):2284-2302
Ruminants are considered to be less sensitive towards mycotoxins than monogastric animals because rumen microbiota have mycotoxin‐detoxifying capacities. Therefore the effect of mycotoxins towards ruminants has been studied to a lesser extent compared with monogastric animals. Worldwide, a high proportion of the ruminant diet consists of silages made of forage crops (i.e. all parts of the crop above the stubble are harvested). In practice, silages are often contaminated with multiple mycotoxins. Exposure to a cocktail of mycotoxins can hamper animal production and have severe health consequences. In this article the different aspects associated with mycotoxin contamination of silage are reviewed ‘from seed to feed’. An overview is given on the occurrence of toxigenic fungal species and their concomitant mycotoxins in forage crops before and after ensiling. The mycotoxin load of visually non‐mouldy samples and mouldy hot spots within the same silo is also compared. Subsequently, this review delves into different problem‐solving strategies. A logical first step is prevention of mould growth and mycotoxin production in the field, during harvest and during ensiling. If prevention should fail, several remediation strategies are available. These are listed, mainly focusing on the possibilities of microbial degradation of mycotoxins in vivo in silage. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
8.
De Boevre M Di Mavungu JD Maene P Audenaert K Deforce D Haesaert G Eeckhout M Callebaut A Berthiller F Van Peteghem C De Saeger S 《Food additives & contaminants. Part A, Chemistry, analysis, control, exposure & risk assessment》2012,29(5):819-835
An LC-MS/MS method was developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, T-2-toxin, HT-2-toxin and metabolites, including 3-acetyldeoxynivalenol, 15-acetyldeoxynivalenol, deoxynivalenol-3-glucoside, α-zearalenol, β-zearalenol, zearalenone-4-glucoside, α-zearalenol-4-glucoside, β-zearalenol-4-glucoside and zearalenone-4-sulfate in maize, wheat, oats, cornflakes and bread. Extraction was performed with acetonitrile/water/acetic acid (79/20/1, v/v/v) followed by a hexane defatting step. After filtration, the extract was evaporated and the residue was redissolved in mobile phase for injection. The mobile phase, which consisted of a mixture of methanol and water with 10?mM ammonium acetate, was adjusted to pH 3 with glacial acetic acid. A sample clean-up procedure was not included because of the low recoveries of free and masked mycotoxins and their differences in polarity. The method allowed the simultaneous determination of 13 Fusarium mycotoxins in a one-step chromatographic run using a Waters Acquity UPLC system coupled to a Quattro Premier XE mass spectrometer. The method was validated for several parameters such as linearity, apparent recovery, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, expanded measurement uncertainty and specificity. The limits of detection varied from 5 to 13?ng?g?1; those for the limit of quantification from 10 to 26?ng?g?1. The results of the performance characteristics of the developed LC-MS/MS method were in good agreement with the criteria mentioned in Commission Regulation (EC) No. 401/2006. Thirty samples of a variety of food and feed matrices were sampled and analysed between July 2010 and January 2011. 相似文献
9.
Reniers GL Audenaert A Ale BJ Pauwels N Soudan K 《Journal of hazardous materials》2009,164(2-3):490-496
This article further elaborates the findings by Reniers et al. in 2007 and 2008. A discrete-time approximation is presented to determine the severity of a major accident threat triggering immediate evacuation and its expected resulting costs. By implementing the proposed mathematical model, precautionary evacuation decision problems can be tackled in a realistic way, i.e., allowing for major accident threats with limited duration. Furthermore, the model is moulded into a working procedure which was used to develop software to solve the suggested algorithms. A case-study is provided and the results obtained by application of the methodology are discussed. Using a (realistic) discrete-time approximation computer simulation, we found that ignoring option characteristics may produce suboptimal intervention decisions in shutdown settings. 相似文献
10.