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排序方式: 共有1249条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
Non-pinched, minimum energy solutions are important class of distillation designs that offer the potential advantage of a better trade-off between capital investment and operating costs. In this paper, two important tasks associated with non-pinched distillation designs are studied. Thus the novel contributions of this work to the literature are
- (1) A comprehensive methodology for finding non-pinched minimum energy designs.
- (2) Understanding of the reasons for the existence of non-pinched distillation designs.
3.
Rate constants for the reversible deprotonation of acetylacetone were measured in carboxylate and amine buffers in water and in 50%, 90% and 95% Me2SO at 20°C. The Brønsted plot for the carboxylate ions is curved in the Me2SO—water mixtures, but straight in water. The curvature is in the direction predicted by the Reactivity—Selectivity Principle (RSP). However, the Brønsted plot for the reaction with primary amines is straight in all solvents. This suggests that the curvature observerd with the carboxylate ions is caused by loss of solvation of the base; this loss of solvation is ahead of bond formation in the transition state rather than being a manifestation of the RSP. (Note that all Brønsted plots are based on pKa values measured in the respective solvents.) The intrinsic rate constant (k0) for proton transfer increases with the addition of Me2SO, and more so with the carboxylate buffers than with the amines. This increase in k0 is attributed to delayed solvation of the developing enolate ion in the transition state; with the carboxylate buffers, an additional factor is the early loss of solvation of the base. The various solvation effects observed in this study can all be understood in the context of the Principle of Imperfect Synchronization (PIS). 相似文献
4.
The paper presents a neural network model of the touch sensitivity circuit of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We describe a serie of simulations in which neural networks are trained, using a genetic algorithm, to reproduce the habituation of the nematode's touch sensitive behavior. A lesion study of the network allows to make a direct comparison between the fine functioning of the model and the data collected in real organisms. The model accords well with the known neurobiological data and it suggests some hypotheses about the functioning of the neural circuit and of single neurons. 相似文献
5.
We determined the nucleotide sequence of the SH gene its flanking regions over a range of 380 nucleotides for three distinct mumps virus (MUV) isolates. Two isolates from the 1992 mumps epidemic in Western Switzerland and one MUV isolated in 1995 in the same geographic area have been analyzed and compared to 16 recently published SH nucleotide sequences and their presumed amino acid sequences. The nucleotide sequences from the 1992 MUV isolates were identical and closely related to two MUV strains from Eastern Switzerland and strains from the U.K. The MUV isolated in 1995 is clearly different from all other strains. 相似文献
6.
Kinicki Angelo J.; Hom Peter W.; Trost Melanie R.; Wade Kim J. 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1995,80(3):354
Two studies examined whether the accessibility of performance prototypes influences performance appraisals. Pilot studies revealed students used performance prototypes when rating instructor performance. Study 1 manipulated the accessibility of these prototypes and the time delay of performance ratings. Results showed no effect of the prime on rating error and accuracy; however, discrimination accuracy decreased over time and recognition bias became more conservative. Study 2 manipulated prototype accessibility and type of rating stimuli (videotape vs. vignette). Rating accuracy and recall were higher for vignette than videotape stimuli, and only those participants exposed to the vignette exhibited priming effects. Results supported transfer-appropriate processing and implied that cognitive primes may have a stronger effect on performance ratings based on "paper-people" than videotaped stimuli. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
7.
Michel Dorbon Pierre Henri Bigeard Jacques Denis Christian Bernasconi 《Petroleum Science and Technology》1992,10(8):1313-1341
As established by several previous works, nitrogen compounds play a prominent role in the evolution of middle distillates containing cracked components, particularly regarding sediment formation and color evolution.
In a first part, this paper describes and compares stability properties of fuel blends using both an accelerated ageing method at 120°C (248°F ) and long term storage methods at 43°C(110°F) -ASTM 0 4625 - and at ambient temperature. Effectiveness of stabilizing additives is also evaluated. In mixtures containing LCOs, insoluble products are formed progressively during ageings, more or less rapidly according to the chemical constitution of the mixtures.
Then, it reports the complete identification of nitrogen compounds using gas chromatography equipped with a selective nitrogen detector and mass spectrometry showing that in light cycle oils, alkyl indoles and carbazoles are the main families.
Evolution of these compounds was followed kinetically during ageings in absence and presence of additives and alkyl indoles appeared as the moat evolutionary.
It appeared that some additives avoided evolutions of alkyl indoles without preventing sediment formation and color evolution. Oxidation mechanism involving nitrogen compounds should not be the only one to explain the storage evolutions of middle distillates.
Hydrotreatment converts all the alkyl indoles of LCO and prevents coloration end deposits in the storage of the mixtures of steaight-run distillates and LCOs. 相似文献
In a first part, this paper describes and compares stability properties of fuel blends using both an accelerated ageing method at 120°C (248°F ) and long term storage methods at 43°C(110°F) -ASTM 0 4625 - and at ambient temperature. Effectiveness of stabilizing additives is also evaluated. In mixtures containing LCOs, insoluble products are formed progressively during ageings, more or less rapidly according to the chemical constitution of the mixtures.
Then, it reports the complete identification of nitrogen compounds using gas chromatography equipped with a selective nitrogen detector and mass spectrometry showing that in light cycle oils, alkyl indoles and carbazoles are the main families.
Evolution of these compounds was followed kinetically during ageings in absence and presence of additives and alkyl indoles appeared as the moat evolutionary.
It appeared that some additives avoided evolutions of alkyl indoles without preventing sediment formation and color evolution. Oxidation mechanism involving nitrogen compounds should not be the only one to explain the storage evolutions of middle distillates.
Hydrotreatment converts all the alkyl indoles of LCO and prevents coloration end deposits in the storage of the mixtures of steaight-run distillates and LCOs. 相似文献
8.
Wax esters enriched in ω-3 fatty acids have been recently shown to be readily absorbed by rats after dietary supplementation. Wax esters are less prone to oxidation and can be better formulated than liquid ω-3 derivatives. All these characteristics suggest a possible use of wax esters enriched in ω-3 as food supplements. However, some naturally occurring wax esters are defined as scarcely digestible (jojoba oil, spermaceti). On the other hand, wax esters have been found in several sources of marine origin, which can enter normal foodstuff. In order to better understand the digestibility of wax esters, we have analysed some foods from marine sources. The content of triglycerides and wax esters of the foods has been determined. Moreover, wax esters have been analysed for their composition in alcohols and fatty acids. Wax esters have been shown to be a part of the neutral lipid extract of the foods analysed. Their content, if compared with the content in triglycerides, shows striking differences. In the case of two botargo preparations, it has been shown that wax esters are more than 90% of the total neutral lipid extract. The content of fatty acids and alcohols found in the foods analysed is consistent with published data. 相似文献
9.
Konrad Grob Angelo Maria Giuffr Ugo Leuzzi Biagio Mincione 《European Journal of Lipid Science and Technology》1994,96(8):286-290
Recognition of adulteration by other oils via direct analysis of the minor components (“sterol fraction”) is shown for olive oil. 10 % of various oils were admixed, the free alcohols silylated and the minor components analyzed by on-line coupled LC-GC-FID. For most oils, even smaller additions can be recognized. Admixed oils can no longer be determined, however, if their minor components have been removed by strong raffination. Bleaching of rapeseed oil with 7% of earth at 180 °C, in fact, completely removed free and esterified sterols. 相似文献
10.
Prem Kalra Angelo Mangili Nadia Magnenat Thalmann Daniel Thalmann 《Computer Graphics Forum》1992,11(3):59-69
This paper describes interactive facilities for simulating abstract muscle actions using Rational Free Form Deformations (RFFD). The particular muscle action is simulated as the displacement of the control points of the control-unit for an RFFD defined on a region of interest. One or several simulated muscle actions constitute a Minimum Perceptible Action (MPA), which is defined as the atomic action unit, similar to Action Unit (AU) of the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), to build an expression. 相似文献