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排序方式: 共有3119条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Hideaki Kaneto Tomohiko Kimura Atsushi Obata Masashi Shimoda Kohei Kaku 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(5)
While there are various kinds of drugs for type 2 diabetes mellitus at present, in this review article, we focus on metformin which is an insulin sensitizer and is often used as a first-choice drug worldwide. Metformin mainly activates adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the liver which leads to suppression of fatty acid synthesis and gluconeogenesis. Metformin activates AMPK in skeletal muscle as well, which increases translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the cell membrane and thereby increases glucose uptake. Further, metformin suppresses glucagon signaling in the liver by suppressing adenylate cyclase which leads to suppression of gluconeogenesis. In addition, metformin reduces autophagy failure observed in pancreatic β-cells under diabetic conditions. Furthermore, it is known that metformin alters the gut microbiome and facilitates the transport of glucose from the circulation into excrement. It is also known that metformin reduces food intake and lowers body weight by increasing circulating levels of the peptide hormone growth/differentiation factor 15 (GDF15). Furthermore, much attention has been drawn to the fact that the frequency of various cancers is lower in subjects taking metformin. Metformin suppresses the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) by activating AMPK in pre-neoplastic cells, which leads to suppression of cell growth and an increase in apoptosis in pre-neoplastic cells. It has been shown recently that metformin consumption potentially influences the mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronavirus infectious disease (COVID-19). Taken together, metformin is an old drug, but multifaceted mechanisms of action of metformin have been unraveled one after another in its long history. 相似文献
2.
Ryo Hashikawa Yasuhiro Fujii Atsushi Kinomura Takeshi Saito Arifumi Okada Takashi Wakasugi Kohei Kadono 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2019,102(4):1642-1651
Radiophotoluminescence phenomena have been widely investigated on various types of materials for dosimetry applications. We report that an aluminoborosilicate glass containing 0.005 mol% copper exhibits intense photoluminescence in the visible region induced by X-ray and γ-ray irradiation. The luminescence is assigned to the 3d94s1 → 3d10 transition of Cu+. The proportionality of the intensity of the induced photoluminescence to the irradiation dose was confirmed up to 0.5 kGy using 60Co γ-ray irradiation. Based on the spectroscopic results, a potential mechanism was proposed for the enhancement of the photoluminescence. The exposure to the ionizing radiation generates electron-hole pairs in the glass, and the electrons are subsequently captured by the Cu2+ ions, which are converted to Cu+ and emit the luminescence. For the glass containing 0.01 mol% copper, the pronounced enhancement of the photoluminescence was not observed because the reverse reaction, ie, the capture of the holes by the Cu+ ions, becomes prominent. The photoluminescence induced by the irradiation was stably observed for the glasses kept at room temperature and even for the glasses heat-treated at 150°C. However, the induced photoluminescence could be eliminated by the heat treatment at a temperature at 500°C, and the glass returned to the initial pre-irradiation state. The Cu-doped aluminoborosilicate glass is a potential candidate for use in dosimetry applications. 相似文献
3.
Supaluk Krittanai Hathairat Buraphaka Seiichi Sakamoto Waraporn Putalun 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》2021,56(11):5843-5852
Licorice is an herbal plant in the Leguminosae family, and its roots and rhizomes are used as sweeteners in food and confectionery products. Moreover, it has a distinct inflammatory activity. In the present study, a sample pre-treatment method to induce the deglycosylation of active metabolites in callus cultures of Glycyrrhiza inflata (GI) and Glycyrrhiza glabra (GG) was developed. The results of the method evaluation showed the biotransformation of ononin to formononetin, a rare flavonoid found in trace amounts in licorice. The magnitude of enhancement was 3- and 19-fold in the GI and GG samples, respectively. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory activity assay showed that the potency of the sample pre-treatment group was higher than that of the untreated group because it exerted an enhanced suppression of cyclo-oxygenase 2 (COX-2), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene expression. This is the first report on the anti-inflammatory activity of licorice callus, which has the potential to be utilised as a functional food for health promotion. These findings support the idea of using sample preparation to impart nutraceutical properties to plant products. 相似文献
4.
Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) production by an oleaginous fungus Mortierella alpina expressing heterologous the Δ17‐desaturase gene under ordinary temperature 下载免费PDF全文
5.
The cover image is based on the Mini‐Review Well‐defined, environment‐friendly synthesis of polypeptides based on phosgene‐free transformation of amino acids into urethane derivatives and their applications by Takeshi Endo et al., https://doi.org/10.1002/pi.5952 . Cover image © Takeshi Endo Images.
6.
Walter K. Sakamoto Darcy H. F. Kanda Francisco de Assis Andrade D. K. Das-Gupta 《Journal of Materials Science》2003,38(7):1465-1470
Vegetable-based polyurethane (PU) was prepared in the thin film form by spin coating. This polymer is synthesised from castor oil, which can be extracted from the seeds of a native plant in Brazil called mamona. This polymer is biocompatible and is being used as material for artificial bone. The PU was characterised by dielectric spectroscopy in a wide range of frequency (10–5 Hz to 105 Hz) and by thermally stimulated discharge current (TSDC) measurements. The glass transition temperature (T
g = 39°C) was determined and using the initial rise method the activation energy was found to be 1.58 eV. 相似文献
7.
Atsushi Narumi Kosei Kawasaki Harumi Kaga Toshifumi Satoh Naoya Sugimoto Toyoji Kakuchi 《Polymer Bulletin》2003,49(6):405-410
Summary
The potato phosphorylase-catalyzed polymerization of α-D-glucose-1-phosphate (G-1-P) onto poly[styrene-block-(4-vinylbenzyl maltohexaoside)] (1) was performed at the molar ratios of [G-l-P]0 and [maltohexaose]0 of 35, 80, and 250. The product was found to be soluble in dimethyl sulfoxide, which was a good solvent for amylose, and
showed the complex-formation with iodine, indicating that the product was assignable to poly[styrene-block-(styrene-graft-amylose)] (2). The quantitative analysis of the liberated phosphoric acid gave the average degree of polymerization o f the glucose unit
(n) as 27, 5 1, and 180 for 2-I, 2-II, and 2-III, respectively.
Received: 29 November 2002/Accepted: 22 December 2002
Correspondence to Toyoji Kakuchi 相似文献
8.
A hybrid optical fibre amplifier is described that consists of a fluoride-based thulium-doped fibre amplifier and a silica-based erbium-doped fibre amplifier connected in a cascade. The amplifier has a gain of more than 25 dB and a noise figure of less than 9 dB over a wide wavelength region of 1458-1540 nm. 相似文献
9.
T Takikawa H Hayashi N Nishimura M Yano T Isomura N Sakamoto 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,29(5):593-597
Chronic hepatitis C has been demonstrated to be associated with hepatic iron overload, and the hypothesis that the disease activity of hepatitis C is associated with iron cytotoxicity was tested in male volunteer blood donors. Sera with either antibody to hepatitis C virus or hepatitis B surface antigen were selected for determination of ferritin concentration and alanine aminotransferase activity. A correlation between serum ferritin concentration (Y; microgram/l) and alanine aminotransferase activity (X; IU/l) was found in donors with antibody to hepatitis C (log Y = 0.65 x log X + 0.98, r = 0.53, and P < 0.01). The correlation was lower in donors with hepatitis B surface antigen (r = 0.37; P < 0.01). Hepatitis C virus infection probably induces time-dependent iron accumulation associated with the progression of disease activity, while hepatitis B virus infection results in a variety of iron loads with different clinical features. The high disease activity related to hyperferritinemia suggests the presence of iron-induced liver damage in donors with hepatitis C. 相似文献
10.
Shizuo Arichi Noriyuki Sakamoto Shozo Himuro Mayumi Miki Masafumi Yoshida 《Polymer》1985,26(8):1175-1180
In order to obtain the additional data concerning the unperturbed dimension of poly-4-substituted styrene, light scattering measurements are performed on the twenty-two fractions with molecular weight of (0.91–352)·104 of poly(4-acetoxystyrene) in dioxan at 25°C, from which the molecular weight obtained was found easily to be evaluated with the gel permeation chromatography using THF. Phase separation experiments for this polymer indicate that the theta state is attained in isopropyl acetate at 19.7°C and butyl acetate at 26.8°C. By making viscosity measurements at that state, the value of KΘ is directly evaluated as 5.4·10?4 dl g?1. The limiting viscosity number is also obtained in good solvents, THF and dioxan, at 25°C and constants of the Mark-Houwink-Sakurada equation in each solvent are determined. Further, approximately the same KΘ as above is obtained from these data with the Stockmayer-Fixman plot. The calculated value of steric factor, 2.37, on this polymer may be plausible, compared with those of polyvinylaromatic derivatives. 相似文献