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Nelaka Govinna Papatya Kaner Davette Ceasar Anita Dhungana Cody Moers Katherine Son Ayse Asatekin Peggy Cebe 《Polymer International》2019,68(2):231-239
Nonwoven super‐hydrophobic fiber membranes have potential applications in oil–water separation and membrane distillation, but fouling negatively impacts both applications. Membranes were prepared from blends comprising poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) and random zwitterionic copolymers of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with sulfobetaine methacrylate (SBMA) or with sulfobetaine‐2‐vinylpyridine (SB2VP). PVDF imparts mechanical strength to the membrane, while the copolymers enhance fouling resistance. Blend composition was varied by controlling the PVDF‐to‐copolymer ratio. Nonwoven fiber membranes were obtained by electrospinning solutions of PVDF and the copolymers in a mixed solvent of N,N‐dimethylacetamide and acetone. The PVDF crystal phases and crystallinities of the blends were studied using wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). PVDF crystallized preferentially into its polar β‐phase, though its degree of crystallinity was reduced with increased addition of the random copolymers. Thermogravimetry (TG) showed that the degradation temperatures varied systematically with blend composition. PVDF blends with either copolymer showed significant increase of fouling resistance. Membranes prepared from blends containing 10% P(MMA‐ran‐SB2VP) had the highest fouling resistance, with a fivefold decrease in protein adsorption on the surface, compared to homopolymer PVDF. They also exhibited higher pure water flux, and better oil removal in oil–water separation experiments. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
3.
基于i860的存储器子系统设计 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
微处理机系统中的存储器子系统设计对整个系统性能的高低有重要的影响,尤其当微处理器的主频越来越高时。本文结合实际例子,给出了一个基于i860处理器(40MHz)的主存设计方案,讨论了实际中需仔细考虑的因素。该设计可为其它高性能RISC系统设计提供参考。 相似文献
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Emma P. Bullock Allison L. Roxburgh Patricia S. Moyer-Packenham Elif Bektas Joseph S. Webster Kathleen A. Bullock 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2021,37(2):557-586
This study focused on an examination of how type, quality and children's awareness of design features in digital math games, along with an awareness of the mathematics goals of the game, were related to learning outcomes. We conducted a parallel conversion mixed methods study with 45 students in Grades 3 and 4 (ages 9–10). Students participated in clinical interviews using three digital math games. The results suggest a moderated mediation relationship in which the quality of the design features moderated the mediating impact of children's awareness of the game's design features, specifically when the child was aware of the mathematics content learning goal (MCLG) of the game. These findings show how important it is that design features are of high quality in a digital math game, and how this is intertwined with children's awareness of the features and the MCLG. When these variables intertwined in just the right way, the interactions between the children and the digital math game afforded mathematical learning growth. 相似文献
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针对眼底血管图像具有形状多样、分叉较多、曲度复杂的特点,提出了一种多尺度融合视网膜血管分割算法.该算法基于U-Net模型进行改进,首先在编码和解码部分使用短跳跃连接模块将网络浅层和深层的特征信息进行融合,通过增加浅层特征的权重,更多地保留了血管的边缘和细微结构信息.其次在编码部分采用空洞卷积构建空洞空间金字塔池化模块代替传统卷积块,来扩大算法的感受野,从而在不增加网络参数的同时进行多尺度特征融合,提取更丰富的空间信息.通过在DRIVE数据集上进行验证,实验结果表明:本算法的准确率和AUC值分别达到0.9572、0.9811,与U-Net等其他基于深度学习的算法相比分割效果更优,从而验证本算法在视网膜血管分割中更加有效. 相似文献
8.
Cem??zdemir Ayse?Nilgün?Akin Ramazan?YildirimEmail author 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》2003,20(5):840-843
The maximization of the total surface area of Pt-SnO2/Al2O3 catalyst was studied by using the Taguchi method of experimental design. The catalysts were prepared by sol-gel method. The
effects of HNO3, H2O and aluminum nitrate concentrations and the stirring rate on the total surface area were studied at three levels of each.
L9 orthogonal array leading nine experiments was used in the experimental design. The parameter levels that give maximum total
surface area were determined and experimentally verified. In the range of conditions studied it was found that, medium levels
of HNO3 and H2O concentration and lower levels of aluminum nitrate concentration and stirring rate maximize the total surface area. 相似文献
9.
扩散加权图像中的噪声为莱斯噪声并且图像本身含有丰富的边界信息,因而要求对DWI图像有效降噪的同时,能够较好地保留图像的边界信息。由于BEMD算法可将图像分解为细节图像及余项图像,其所分解的细节图像包括DWI图像的边界信息以及主噪声,而余项图像则描述图像的趋势信息。因此,提出一种将二维经验模态分解算法与改进的维纳滤波器相结合的降噪算法,并将该算法应用于DWI图像的降噪中。通过实验,将所提出的算法与其他算法应用于DWI图像的降噪处理,并通过对结果的分析比较证明所提出的算法能够更有效地对DWI图像进行降噪处理。 相似文献
10.
Saziye Ugur Ayse Alemdar Önder Pekcan 《Journal of Coatings Technology and Research》2005,2(7):565-575
This study reports a steady-state fluorescence (SSF) technique for studying film formation from surfactant-free polystyrene
(PS) latex and Na-montmorillonite (SNaM) composites. The composite films were prepared from pyrene (P)-labeled PS particles
and SNaM clay at room temperature and annealed at elevated temperatures in 10-min intervals above glass transition temperature
(t3) of polystyrene. During the annealing processes, the transparency of the film improved considerably. Scattered light (Is) and fluorescence intensity (Ip) from P were measured after each annealing step to monitor the stages of film formation. Evolution of transparency of composite
films was monitored by using photon transmission intensity, Itr. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to detect the variation in physical structure of annealed composite films. Minimum
film formation temperature, Tq, and healing temperatures, Th, were determined. Void closure and interdiffusion stages were modeled and related activation energies were determined. It
was observed that both activation energies increased as the percent of SNaM was increased in composite films. 相似文献