HEAT TRANSFER IN A THIN LIQUID FILM IN THE PRESENCE OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD

Heat transfer enhancement in an evaporating thin liquid film utilizing a electric field under isothermal interfacial condition is presented. A new mathematical model subjected to van der Waals attractive forces, capillary pressure, and an electric field is developed to describe the heat transfer enhancement in the evaporating thin liquid film. The effect of the electrostatic field on the curvature of the thin film, evaporative flux, pressure gradient distribution, heat flux, and heat transfer coefficient in the thin film is presented. The results show that applying an electric field can enhance heat transfer in a thin liquid film significantly. In addition, utilizing electric fields on the evaporating film will be a way to expand the extended meniscus region to attain high heat transfer coefficients and high rates of heat flux.     

Investigation of Ablation Efficiency of Stainless Steel Using Pulsed Lasers in Burst Mode

Due to its high corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, stainless steel is commonly used in various industrial applications. Although different types of stainless steel are similar in their chemical composition, they can differ significantly in their thermal diffusivity. This property is relevant in the ability of a material to conduct heat and thus, in laser processing. In this frame, this study compares the ablation efficiency and characteristics of polished stainless steel samples of the alloys AISI 304, AISI 420, and AISI 316Ti. They are irradiated with single ultrashort pulses having pulse durations between 250 fs and 10 ps as well as using GHz burst modii. The goal is to investigate the differences in both the ablation threshold and the ablation rate to improve the ablation efficiency. The results show that shorter pulse durations lead to a more efficient ablation process. On the other hand, GHz bursts are found to be, in general, less efficient. In addition, there is a significant difference in the surface morphology depending on the process parameters. The differences in the thermal diffusivity do not significantly influence the ablation threshold fluence but surface morphology and the ablation rate.     

冷加工和时效处理顺序对6061铝合金力学性能的影响(英文)

研究不同的析出硬化和冷加工组合对6061铝合金拉伸性能的影响。结果表明,在不同的热处理过程中,在180℃单时效4h能提高合金的强度和伸长率。然而,双时效处理不能改善其力学性能。另外,预时效对随后的析出硬化有负面影响。合金力学性能的变化归因于析出硬化、应变硬化和加工软化的竞争而引起的显微组织演变。     

Synthesis and Characterization of NiO Nano‐Spheres by Templating on Chitosan as a Green Precursor

In this study, nickel oxide was prepared through the calcination of extrusion dripped chitosan/nickel nitrate beads. The morphology and structural properties of the products were studied using various characterization techniques. Uniformly distributed nickel oxide was formed as observed from the studies of surface morphology where the processing parameters play a huge role on the resulting morphology. TEM results have shown that nickel oxide with crystallite sizes of 10–30 nm was obtained. The Fourier‐transform infrared spectra studies show an intense peak at 525 cm^?1, which is attributed to the vibration of Ni–O bond. Furthermore, the XRD results show NiO diffraction peaks correspond to (111), (200), (220), (311), and (222) which indicates that a bunsenite structure with a face‐centered cubic phase was produced in this study. The usage of 500°C as the lower limit in this study is justified due to the complete removal of the templating material as seen in the thermalgravimetric analysis studies. Furthermore, it was obtained that the largest surface area of nickel oxide synthesized using this technique is 48.024 m²/g with pore sizes of 19.843 nm. The usage of chitosan as a green template for the synthesis of nanoparticles has shown promising results which allows a more economical and sustainable approach for the fabrication of nanomaterials.     

Uplink Spectral Efficiency Analysis for a Massive MIMO Primary Network

Wireless Personal Communications - Faster development of smart electronic devices in recent years along with significant increase in demanding higher data rates has made cognitive radio networks...     

玻璃纤维/木塑混杂复合材料及其协同增强效应

将固体废弃物中的高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)回收后与废弃的木纤维以及短切玻璃纤维进行复合,成功地制备出混杂型木塑复合材料。研究结果表明,采用长径比较大的L型玻璃纤维增强时,木塑复合材料的弯曲强度、弯曲模量以及冲击强度同时得到提高,而采用长径比较小的玻璃纤维增强时,弯曲性能和冲击强度均呈现下降趋势。玻璃纤维增强木塑复合材料的主要破坏模式为玻璃纤维的拔出、玻璃纤维断裂、界面脱粘等。在玻璃纤维/木纤维/HDPE混杂体系中由于组元之间的协同增强作用,形成了特殊的三维网络结构,木塑复合材料的力学性能得到显著改善。     

A benzoate coprecipitation route for synthesizing nanocrystalline GDC powder with lowered sintering temperature

Electrolyte powders with low sintering temperature and high-ionic conductivity can considerably facilitate the fabrication and performance of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). Gadolinia-doped ceria (GDC) is a promising electrolyte for developing intermediate- and low-temperature (IT and LT) SOFCs. However, the conventional sintering temperature for GDC is usually above 1200 °C unless additives are used. In this work, a nanocrystalline powder of GDC, (10 mol% Gd dopant, Gd_0.1Ce_0.9O_1.95) with low-sintering temperature has been synthesized using ammonium benzoate as a novel, environmentally friendly and cost-effective precursor/precipitant. The synthesized benzoate powders (termed washed- and non-washed samples) were calcined at a relatively low temperature of 500 °C for 6 h. Physicochemical characteristics were determined using thermal analysis (TG/DTA), Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR, SEM/EDX, XRD, nitrogen absorptiometry, and dilatometry. Dilatometry showed that the newly synthesized GDC samples (washed and non-washed routes) start to shrink at temperatures of 500 and 600 °C (respectively), reaching their maximum sintering rate at 650 and 750 °C. Sintering of pelletized electrolyte substrates at the sintering onset temperature for commercial GDC powder (950 °C) for 6 h, showed densification of washed- and non-washed samples, obtaining 97.48 and 98.43% respectively, relative to theoretical density. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) analysis for the electrolyte pellets sintered at 950 °C showed a total electrical conductivity of 3.83 × 10^?2 and 5.90 × 10^?2 S cm^?1 (under air atmosphere at 750 °C) for washed- and non-washed samples, respectively. This is the first report of a GDC synthesis, where a considerable improvement in sinterability and electrical conductivity of the product GDC is observed at 950 °C without additives addition.     

Prediction of Hydrate Phase Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions of Salt and Organic Inhibitor Using a Combined Equation of State and Activity Coefficient‐Based Model

A thermodynamic model based on combination of the Valderrama modification of the Patel‐Teja equation of state with non‐density dependent mixing rules and a modification of a Debye‐Hückel electrostatic term is extended to systems containing salt and organic inhibitor by correcting the properties of the aqueous phase such as dielectric constant, density and molecular weight. A linear mixing rule is used for determining the dielectric constant of salt‐free mixture by introducing an interaction parameter (in dielectric constant mixing rule), which is tuned using the freezing point data of aqueous solutions containing salt and organic inhibitor. The binary interaction parameter between salt and organic inhibitor is adjusted using water vapour pressure data in the presence of salt and organic inhibitor. The predicted hydrate dissociation conditions are in acceptable agreement with the experimental data, demonstrating the reliability of the model developed in this work.