The regulation effect of methane and hydrogen on the emission characteristics of ammonia/air combustion in a model combustor

Ammonia, made up of 17.8% hydrogen, has attracted a lot of attention in combustion community due to its zero carbon emission as a fuel in gas turbines. However, ammonia combustion still faces some challenges including the weak combustion and sharp NOx emissions which discourage its application. It was demonstrated that the combustion intensity of ammonia/air flame can be enhanced through adding active fuels like methane and hydrogen, while the NOx emission issue will emerge in the meantime. This study investigates regulation effect of methane and hydrogen on the emission characteristics of ammonia/air flame in a gas turbine combustor. The instantaneous OH profile and global emissions at the combustion chamber outlet are measured with Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technique and the Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR), respectively. The flames are also simulated by large eddy simulation to further reveal physical and chemical processes of the emissions formation. Results show that for NH₃/air flames, the emissions behavior of the gas turbine combustor is similar to the calculated one-dimensional flames. Moreover, the NOx emissions and the unburned NH₃ can be simultaneously controlled to a proper value at the equivalence ratio (φ) of approximate 1.1. The variation of NO and NO₂ with φ for NH₃/H₂/air flames and NH₃/CH₄/air flames at blending ratio (Z_f) of 0.1 are similar to the NH₃/air flames, with the peak moving towards rich condition. This indicates that the NH₃/air flame can be regulated through adding a small amount of active fuels without increasing the NOx emission level. However, when Z_f = 0.3, we observe a clear large NOx emission and CO for NH₃/CH₄/air flames, indicating H₂ is a better choice on the emission control. The LES results show that NO and OH radicals exhibit a general positive correlation. And the temperature plays a secondary role in promoting NOx formation comparing with CH₄/air flame.     

零碳燃料对燃气锅炉燃烧过程调控作用

利用小型化模拟炉膛开展了零碳燃料氢气对燃气锅炉燃烧过程调控作用实验研究,研究了掺氢比对炉膛内部预混火焰宏观形态、炉膛温度均匀性、炉膛污染物排放规律的影响,并总结了CO及NO_x的排放规律。实验结果表明：随着预混当量比增加,纯甲烷火焰长度逐渐缩短;对于20%掺氢火焰,随着预混程度的提高,火焰长度降低明显;不同火焰条件下,炉膛温度只由燃烧功率控制;改变燃烧条件时,处于壁面附近位置的温度变化较为平稳,而靠近火焰处温度变化较大;天然气中掺入氢气,燃烧时可以有效降低未燃CO排放;在相同预混程度下,全局当量比减小导致未燃空气增加,热量被稀释,火焰温度降低,热力型NO_x的生成降低;随着掺氢比的增加,燃烧时火焰温度升高,导致热力型NO_x排放增加。     

焊缝表面缺陷的涡流红外热成像检测

焊缝对金属结构的完整性起关键作用,而焊缝表面气孔缺陷是威胁金属结构整体性的缺陷之一。文中将涡流热成像技术与漏磁相结合,实现对人工模拟焊缝表面气孔缺陷的快速检测与全面描述。通过采用数值模拟方法分析了检测区域电磁场分布和温度分布,验证该方法可在检测区域形成相对均匀的电磁场。利用涡流热成像实验平台对不同直径与深度表面气孔缺陷进行实验检测,分析缺陷大小对温度的影响。同时与ICA图像处理算法相结合,减小焊缝边缘效应的影响,进一步增强原始图像中缺陷特征。结果表明：该方法对尺寸较小的气孔缺陷具有较高的灵敏度,可以显著提高焊缝缺陷检测能力,且相对于气孔缺陷深度,缺陷直径对于表面温度影响较大,可利用温度曲线1阶导数峰值更清楚识别不同大小的缺陷。