Effect of preheating on internal checking in boards of different dimension and grain orientation inEucalyptus regnans

Eucalyptus regnans resulted in a decrease in both area of internal checking and number of checks after drying. Grain orientation was significant in determining the extent of reduction. For tangential grain, checking decreased linearly with increasing temperature; for intermediate grain, checking was relatively constant to 70 °C before declining at 90 °C ; and for radial grain, checking increased at 50 and 70 °C before declining at 90 °C . At 90 °C , reduction in area of checking and number of checks averaged 89.8 and 53.3% respectively for tangential grain, 62.7 and 62.2% for intermediate grain and 69.1 and 53.9% for radial grain, a reduction overall of 75.1 and 56.2%. Shrinkage in 5 × 10 cm cross-sections was also modified by preheating such that increased shrinkage in board width and reduced shrinkage in board thickness tended to be associated with reduced checking. Since these relationships were largely irrespective of grain orientation, they were attributed to specimen geometry. However, the major factor in check reduction was an increase in the rate of moisture loss, or ostensible permeability. When the effect of rate of moisture loss was nullified in regression analysis, check reduction tended to be related to an increase in tangential shrinkage overall and a decrease in radial shrinkage, irrespective of grain orientation. There was little effect on check reduction in smaller sized material (5 × 5 and 2.5 × 10 cm cross-sections) through preheating, although initial checking in this material was very low by comparison with 5 × 10 cm cross-sections.

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Initial desorption and the fibre saturation point in wetwood-infected hoop pine

Fibre saturation points (F) were determined from initial desorption isotherms for matched green, saturated and hotwater-extracted thin sections taken along a radius of the stem of hoop pine affected by wetwood. In green material, fibre saturation points for inner, wetwood samples were significantly higher than for samples from the outer regions of the stem. In saturated samples, fibre saturation points were consistent and near normal and, after extraction, and in accordance with previous studies, F increased, although not to the level which obtained for green, wetwood samples. It was proposed that these results were consistent with wetwood water having a depressed relative vapour pressure in green material. When fibre saturation was compared with the rate of moisture loss per water available during drying (L _rm ), there was a significant difference between F and average moisture content at maximum L _rm for green material. For saturated and extracted material, however, these differences were not significant. It was argued that the results were consistent with the interpretation of wetwood drying as being osmotically influenced. It was also suggested that maximum L _rm might sometimes serve as an indirect estimator of fibre saturation. These points are discussed.     

Initial desorption and the fibre saturation point in wetwood-infected hoop pine

Fibre saturation points (F) were determined from initial desorption isotherms for matched green, saturated and hot-water-extracted thin sections taken along a radius of the stem of hoop pine affected by wetwood. In green material, fibre saturation points for inner, wetwood samples were significantly higher than for samples from the outer regions of the stem. In saturated samples, fibre saturation points were consistent and near normal and, after extraction, and in accordance with previous studies,F increased, although not to the level which obtained for green, wetwood samples. It was proposed that these results were consistent with wetwood water having a depressed relative vapour pressure in green material. When fibre saturation was compared with the rate of moisture loss per water available during drying (L _rm), there was a significant difference betweenF and average moisture content at maximumL _rm for green material. For saturated and extracted material, however, these differences were not significant. It was argued that the results were consistent with the interpretation of wetwood drying as being osmotically influenced. It was also suggested that maximumL _rm might sometimes serve as an indirect estimator of fibre saturation. These points are discussed.

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Desorption und Fasers?ttigungspunkt bei Nasskern-befallener australischer Kiefer (Araucaria cunninghamii)

Zusammenfassung Fasers?ttigungspunkte wurden bestimmt aus den Desorptionsisothermen von waldfrischen qes?ttigten und Hei?wasser-extrahierten Proben. Hierzu wurden Radialschnitte von Na?kernhaltigen australischen Kiefern (Araucaria cunninghamii) verwendet. Im waldfrischen Zustand lag der FSP des Na?kerns h?her als bei Proben aus den ?u?eren Bereichen. Nach Wassers?ttigung waren sie gleich hoch. Nach der Extraktion steigt der FSP wie schon früher beobachtet wurde. Es wird angenommen, da? das Wasser im Na?kern einen erniedrigten Dampfdurck aufweist. Die Fasers?ttigung wurde auch verglichen mit dem Gradienten der Feuchteabnahme bezogen auf das jeweils vorhandene Wasser w?hrend des Trocknens (L _rm). Dabei ergab sich für waldfrisches Holz ein signifikanter Unterschied zwischen FSP und mittlerer Feuchte bei maximalemL _rm. An ges?ttigten und extrahierten Proben waren die Unterschiede nicht signifikant. Daraus wird geschlossen, da? das Trocken des Na?kerns durch osmotische Prozesse beeinflu?t wird. Es wird vorgeschlagen, da? maximalesL _rm in manchen F?llen als indirektes Ma? für den FSP dienen kann. Diese Punkte werden diskutiert.

     

A phase II trial of CPT-11 in recurrent squamous carcinoma of the cervix: a gynecologic oncology group study

The purpose of this paper is to present an outline of student's practice of interviewing simulated patients at behavioral science in dentistry. This practice was initiated as part of a newly introduced behavioral science course at our school of dentistry, to enable students to acquire communication skills, comprehensive understanding, and a proper attitude vis-à-vis patients. Students as well as instructors involved in the practice evaluated it as highly relevant for clinical education. It is concluded that the development of such practices in dental education is a prerequisite for training students to dentists oriented toward patient-centered dental practice.