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排序方式: 共有121条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Wyatt L. Brown Douglas A. Day Harald Stark Demetrios Pagonis Jordan E. Krechmer Xiaoxi Liu Derek J. Price Erin F. Katz Peter F. DeCarlo Catherine G. Masoud Dongyu S. Wang Lea Hildebrandt Ruiz Caleb Arata David M. Lunderberg Allen H. Goldstein Delphine K. Farmer Marina E. Vance Jose L. Jimenez 《Indoor air》2021,31(1):141-155
Understanding the sources and composition of organic aerosol (OA) in indoor environments requires rapid measurements, since many emissions and processes have short timescales. However, real-time molecular-level OA measurements have not been reported indoors. Here, we present quantitative measurements, at a time resolution of five seconds, of molecular ions corresponding to diverse aerosol-phase species, by applying extractive electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (EESI-MS) to indoor air analysis for the first time, as part of the highly instrumented HOMEChem field study. We demonstrate how the complex spectra of EESI-MS are screened in order to extract chemical information and investigate the possibility of interference from gas-phase semivolatile species. During experiments that simulated the Thanksgiving US holiday meal preparation, EESI-MS quantified multiple species, including fatty acids, carbohydrates, siloxanes, and phthalates. Intercomparisons with Aerosol Mass Spectrometer (AMS) and Scanning Mobility Particle Sizer suggest that EESI-MS quantified a large fraction of OA. Comparisons with FIGAERO-CIMS shows similar signal levels and good correlation, with a range of 100 for the relative sensitivities. Comparisons with SV-TAG for phthalates and with SV-TAG and AMS for total siloxanes also show strong correlation. EESI-MS observations can be used with gas-phase measurements to identify co-emitted gas- and aerosol-phase species, and this is demonstrated using complementary gas-phase PTR-MS observations. 相似文献
2.
Adamantios S. Diamantopoulos George N. Angelopoulos Demetrios C. Papamantellos 《国际钢铁研究》1996,67(5):179-187
Nickel losses in the slag generated at Larco electric reduction furnaces (ERF) during smelting of Greek laterites account for about 20% of the total nickel of the feed. The recovery of the nickel contained in the slag as well as in its magnetic concentrate was studied under different methods. The experimental results have shown that a nickel recovery in the range of 75-90% is possible by allowing the slag to settle. Washing by low carbon steel can be performed during the final stages of the settling process as it improves the finally attained nickel recovery up to 94.4%. The simultaneous carbon reduction and settling process do not favour the Ni- recovery as the produced carbon monoxide and dioxide cause boiling of the bath which promotes the flotation of the metallic grains. In all cases a reoxidation of nickel was observed after 20min approximately. Settling of the ferronickel grains was described by a mathematical model. The model's results are in good agreement to the experimental ones for the initial 20min of the process. A modified model was elaborated combining the settling of the metallic grains with the nickel reoxidation reaction. This model describes with adequate accuracy the whole Ni- recovery process. The developed model can be proven helpful in the design of a slag cleaning step for metal recovery utilizing a slag settling furnace operating on line to the ERF. 相似文献
3.
Panayiotis Andreou Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti Panos K. Chrysanthis George Samaras 《Distributed and Parallel Databases》2011,29(1-2):113-150
In this paper, we present an innovative framework for efficiently monitoring Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Our framework, coined KSpot, utilizes a novel top-k query processing algorithm we developed, in conjunction with the concept of in-network views, in order to minimize the cost of query execution. For ease of exposition, consider a set of sensors acquiring data from their environment at a given time instance. The generated information can conceptually be thought as a horizontally fragmented base relation R. Furthermore, the results to a user-defined query Q, registered at some sink point, can conceptually be thought as a view V. Maintaining consistency between V and R is very expensive in terms of communication and energy. Thus, KSpot focuses on a subset V??(?V) that unveils only the k highest-ranked answers at the sink, for some user defined parameter k. To illustrate the efficiency of our framework, we have implemented a real system in nesC, which combines the traditional advantages of declarative acquisition frameworks, like TinyDB, with the ideas presented in this work. Extensive real-world testing and experimentation with traces from UC-Berkeley, the University of Washington and Intel Research Berkeley, show that KSpot provides an up to 66% of energy savings compared to TinyDB, minimizes both the size and number of packets transmitted over the network (up to 77%), and prolongs the longevity of a WSN deployment to new scales. 相似文献
4.
Cristian Coarfa Demetrios D. Demopoulos Alfonso San Miguel Aguirre Devika Subramanian Moshe Y. Vardi 《Constraints》2003,8(3):243-261
This paper presents an experimental investigation of the following questions: how does the average-case complexity of random 3-SAT, understood as a function of the order (number of variables) for fixed density (ratio of number of clauses to order) instances, depend on the density? Is there a phase transition in which the complexity shifts from polynomial to exponential in the order? Is the transition dependent or independent of the solver? Our experiment design uses three complete SAT solvers embodying different algorithms: GRASP, CPLEX, and CUDD. We observe new phase transitions for all three solvers, where the median running time shifts from polynomial in the order to exponential. The location of the phase transition appears to be solver-dependent. GRASP shifts from polynomial to exponential complexity near the density of 3.8, CPLEX shifts near density 3, while CUDD exhibits this transition between densities of 0.1 and 0.5. This experimental result underscores the dependence between the solver and the complexity phase transition, and challenges the widely held belief that random 3-SAT exhibits a phase transition in computational complexity very close to the crossover point. 相似文献
5.
Zachary Finewax Demetrios Pagonis Megan S. Claflin Anne V. Handschy Wyatt L. Brown Olivia Jenks Benjamin A. Nault Douglas A. Day Brian M. Lerner Jose L. Jimenez Paul J. Ziemann Joost A. de Gouw 《Indoor air》2021,31(5):1323-1339
Humans spend approximately 90% of their time indoors, impacting their own air quality through occupancy and activities. Human VOC emissions indoors from exercise are still relatively uncertain, and questions remain about emissions from chlorine-based cleaners. To investigate these and other issues, the ATHLETic center study of Indoor Chemistry (ATHLETIC) campaign was conducted in the weight room of the Dal Ward Athletic Center at the University of Colorado Boulder. Using a Vocus Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (Vocus PTR-TOF), an Aerodyne Gas Chromatograph (GC), an Iodide-Chemical Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometer (I-CIMS), and Picarro cavity ringdown spectrometers, we alternated measurements between the weight room and supply air, allowing for determination of VOC, NH3, H2O, and CO2 emission rates per person (emission factors). Human-derived emission factors were higher than previous studies of measuring indoor air quality in rooms with individuals at rest and correlated with increased CO2 emission factors. Emission factors from personal care products (PCPs) were consistent with previous studies and typically decreased throughout the day. In addition, N-chloraldimines were observed in the gas phase after the exercise equipment was cleaned with a dichlor solution. The chloraldimines likely originated from reactions of free amino acids with HOCl on gym surfaces. 相似文献
6.
7.
Lopes da Silva FH Blanes W Kalitzin SN Parra J Suffczynski P Velis DN 《IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering》2003,50(5):540-548
In this overview, we consider epilepsies as dynamical diseases of brain systems since they are manifestations of the property of neuronal networks to display multistable dynamics. To illustrate this concept we may assume that at least two states of the epileptic brain are possible: the interictal state characterized by a normal, apparently random, steady-state electroencephalography (EEG) ongoing activity, and the ictal state, that is characterized by paroxysmal occurrence of synchronous oscillations and is generally called, in neurology, a seizure. The transition between these two states can either occur: 1) as a continuous sequence of phases, like in some cases of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE); or 2) as a sudden leap, like in most cases of absence seizures. In the mathematical terminology of nonlinear systems, we can say that in the first case the system's attractor gradually deforms from an interictal to an ictal attractor. The causes for such a deformation can be either endogenous or external. In this type of ictal transition, the seizure possibly may be anticipated in its early, preclinical phases. In the second case, where a sharp critical transition takes place, we can assume that the system has at least two simultaneous interictal and ictal attractors all the time. To which attractor the trajectories converge, depends on the initial conditions and the system's parameters. An essential question in this scenario is how the transition between the normal ongoing and the seizure activity takes place. Such a transition can occur either due to the influence of external or endogenous factors or due to a random perturbation and, thus, it will be unpredictable. These dynamical changes may not be detectable from the analysis of the ongoing EEG, but they may be observable only by measuring the system's response to externally administered stimuli. In the special cases of reflex epilepsy, the leap between the normal ongoing attractor and the ictal attractor is caused by a well-defined external perturbation. Examples from these different scenarios are presented and discussed. 相似文献
8.
Andreas Konstantinidis Demetrios Zeinalipour-Yazti Panayiotis Andreou George Samaras Panos K. Chrysanthis 《Distributed and Parallel Databases》2013,31(2):115-149
Social communities of smartphone users have recently gained significant interest due to their wide social penetration. The applications in this domain, however, currently rely on centralized or cloud-like architectures for data sharing and searching tasks, introducing both data-disclosure and performance concerns. In this paper, we present a distributed search architecture for intelligent search of objects in a mobile social community. Our framework, coined SmartOpt, is founded on an in-situ data storage model, where captured objects remain local on smartphones and searches then take place over an intelligent multi-objective lookup structure we compute dynamically. Our MO-QRT structure optimizes several conflicting objectives, using a multi-objective evolutionary algorithm that calculates a diverse set of high quality non-dominated solutions in a single run. Then a decision-making subsystem is utilized to tune the retrieval preferences of the query user. We assess our ideas both using trace-driven experiments with mobility and social patterns derived by Microsoft’s GeoLife project, DBLP and Pics ‘n’ Trails but also using our real Android SmartP2P (http://smartp2p.cs.ucy.ac.cy/) system deployed over our SmartLab (http://smartlab.cs.ucy.ac.cy/) testbed of 40+ smartphones. Our study reveals that SmartOpt yields high query recall rates of 95 %, with one order of magnitude less time and two orders of magnitude less energy than its competitors. 相似文献
9.
Scott Grandison Jean-Marc Vanden-Broeck Demetrios T. Papageorgiou Touvia Miloh Boaz Spivak 《Journal of Engineering Mathematics》2008,62(2):133-148
The formation of nonlinear axisymmetric waves on inviscid irrotational liquid jets in the presence of radial electric fields
is considered. Gravity is neglected but surface tension is considered. Electrohydrodynamic waves of arbitrary amplitude and
wavelength are computed using finite-difference methods. Particular attention is paid to nonlinear traveling waves. In the
first class of problems, an electric field generated by placing the liquid jet inside a hollow cylindrical electrode held
at constant voltage, its axis coinciding with that of the jet, is studied. The jet is assumed to be a perfect conductor whose
free surface is stressed by the electric field acting in the hydrodynamically passive annulus. In the second class of problems,
the annular gas is a perfect conductor that transmits a constant voltage onto the liquid/gas surface. The liquid axisymmetrically
wets a constant-radius cylindrical rod electrode placed coaxially with respect to the hollow outer electrode, and held at
a different constant voltage. The fluid dynamics and electrostatics need to be addressed simultaneously in the inner region.
Axisymmetric interfacial waves influenced by surface tension and electrical stresses are computed in both cases. The computations
are capable of following highly nonlinear solutions and predict, for certain parameter values, the onset of interface pinching
accompanied with the formation of toroidal bubbles. For given wave amplitudes, the results suggest that, for the former case,
the electric field delays bubble formation and reduces wave steepness, while for the latter case the electric field promotes
bubble formation, all other parameters being equal. 相似文献
10.
Demetrios C. Papamantellos George N. Angelopoulos Konstantinos T. Mavrommatis 《国际钢铁研究》1990,61(12):598-602
A mathematical model of the electro-reduction furnace process (ERF process), for the production of ferronickel from laterite ores, has been tested at Larco's metallurgical plant at Larymna Greece. The theoretical predictions for the progress of the nickel reduction have been compared with the operational results. The tests were carried out in the ERF no. 2 of Larco's plant. The influence of the main process variables on the nickel recovery and nickel losses in the ERF slags have been investigated in conjunction with the variation of the analysis of the feed and the nickel content of the metal bath. The further application of the model to the metallurgical practice is discussed. According to the predictions of the model the further development of the process in the direction of the production of low-nickel ferronickel (Ni < 15%) is analyzed. The advantages of the production of low-nickel ferronickel are presented and the possibility of its straight conversion to nickel-bearing steel-grades is discussed. 相似文献