Connectionism and Determinism in a Syntactic Parser

The processing of natural language is, at the same time, naturally symbolic and naturally subsymbolic. It is symbolic because ultimately symbols play a critical role. Writing systems, for example, owe their existence to the symbolic nature of language. It is also subsymbolic because of the nature of speech, the fuzziness of concepts, and the high degree of parallelism that is difficult to explain as a purely symbolic phenomenon. Building a processor of natural language, therefore, requires a hybrid approach. This report details a set of experiments which support the claim that natural language can be syntactically processed in a robust manner using a connectionist deterministic parser. The model is trained from patterns derived from a deterministic grammar and tested with grammatical, ungrammatical and lexically ambiguous sentences.     

Experimental Evaluation of One,Two, and Three Stage Evaporative Cooling Systems

The thermal performance of four different arrangements of evaporative air coolers have been evaluated experimentally during the hot summer of Kuwait. The systems include one-stage direct evaporative cooling (DEC), one-stage indirect evaporative cooler (IEC) linked to an external cooling tower, two-stage indirect/direct evaporative coolers (IEC/DEC), and three-stage system of evaporative cooling and mechanical vapor compression (IEC/DEC-MVC). Two variables are used to evaluate the system thermal performance, the thermal effectiveness and the energy efficiency ratio (EER). The data show that the IEC/DEC has the highest EER, followed by the DEC, IEC/DEC-MVC, and IEC. The DEC has the lowest effectiveness, succeeded by the DEC/IEC, IEC, and IEC/DEC-MVC. Coupling MVC with IEC/DEC extends the cooling range and can cool the ambient air dry bulb temperature over a range of 40°C to 15°C at any value of ambient air wet bulb temperature. Two experimental correlations have been developed for each one of the tested systems. The first one relates the effectiveness to water to air mass flow ratio (L/G) or Reynolds number (Re), while the second correlation relates the EER with effectiveness and L/G and/or Re. These relationships are very important in designing and optimizing the studied evaporative cooling units.     

Moisture, Fat and Cholesterol Content of Some Raw; Barbecued and Cooked Organ Meats of Beef and Mutton

The effect of barbecueing and conventional cooking methods on moisture, fat and cholesterol content in brain, heart, kidney, liver, and tongue of local Iraqi; beef and mutton were studied. Moisture, fat and cholesterol content differed significantly (P ≤ 0.05) between raw and barbecued samples and between raw and cooked samples of both beef and mutton organ meats, except for those mentioned. The lower moisture in barbecued and cooked samples probably caused a relative increase in fat and cholesterol content. Minor differences were observed in raw, barbecued and cooked organ meats between beef and mutton in terms of moisture, fat and cholesterol content at similar animal ages.     

Optimization of CVD parameters for long ZnO NWs grown on ITO/glass substrate

The optimization of chemical vapour deposition (CVD) parameters for long and vertically aligned (VA) ZnO nanowires (NWs) were investigated. Typical ZnO NWs as a single crystal grown on indium tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate were successfully synthesized. First, the conducted side of ITO–glass substrate was coated with zinc acetate dihydrate to form seed layer of ZnO nanocrystals. Double zone tube furnace connected to vacuum pump was used for ZnO growth process. Zn metal powder was positioned at the first zone at temperature 900 ^° C. The ITO–glass substrate with pre-coated seed layer was then located in the second zone of tube furnace at growth temperature of 550 ^° C. The growth of ZnO NWs was controlled under constant concentration of seed layer, while other parameters such as argon and oxygen flow rates, substrate position, time and oxygen flow rate were varied. The VA ZnO NWs were finally characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometer and high-resolution transmission electron microscope equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results show that long and VA ZnO NWs were single crystalline with hexagonal wurtzite structure. The ultimate length and average diameter of ZnO NWs were 10 μm and 50–100 nm, respectively. These were achieved under optimized CVD growth parameters. The mechanism of vertical growth model of ZnO NWs is also discussed.     

A pulse shape discrimination of CsI(T1) crystal with 6He beam

The performance test of a CsI(T1) crystal (70×27×23 mm~3) was performed by applying the pulse shape discrimination technique for identification oflight charged pafflcles , The crystal is coupled to a photomultiplier tube during an experiment with ~6He beam. The pulse waveform is fully recorded by employing a high precision digital oscilloscope. The fast and slow gates are used for the pulse shape discrimination and the best values for the gate widths were determined to be 0.5 μs and 1.67 μs, respectively. The ~6He, ~4He and ~3He are successfully discnminated with this technique.