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1.
Kazuo Tsubota Stephen C. Pflugfelder Zuguo Liu Christophe Baudouin Hyo Myung Kim Elisabeth M. Messmer Friedrich Kruse Lingyi Liang Jimena Tatiana Carreno-Galeano Maurizio Rolando Norihiko Yokoi Shigeru Kinoshita Reza Dana 《International journal of molecular sciences》2020,21(23)
Over the past decades, the number of patients with dry eye disease (DED) has increased dramatically. The incidence of DED is higher in Asia than in Europe and North America, suggesting the involvement of cultural or racial factors in DED etiology. Although many definitions of DED have been used, discrepancies exist between the various definitions of dry eye disease (DED) used across the globe. This article presents a clinical consensus on the definition of DED, as formulated in four meetings with global DED experts. The proposed new definition is as follows: “Dry eye is a multifactorial disease characterized by a persistently unstable and/or deficient tear film (TF) causing discomfort and/or visual impairment, accompanied by variable degrees of ocular surface epitheliopathy, inflammation and neurosensory abnormalities.” The key criteria for the diagnosis of DED are unstable TF, inflammation, ocular discomfort and visual impairment. This definition also recommends the assessment of ocular surface epitheliopathy and neurosensory abnormalities in each patient with suspected DED. It is easily applicable in clinical practice and should help practitioners diagnose DED consistently. This consensus definition of DED should also help to guide research and clinical trials that, to date, have been hampered by the lack of an established surrogate endpoint. 相似文献
2.
We present simulation results of the vortex dynamics in a trapped Bose-Einstein condensate in the presence of a rotating optical
lattice. Changing the potential amplitude and the relative rotation frequency between the condensate and the optical lattice,
we find a rich variety of dynamical phases of vortices. In particular, when the optical lattice rotates faster than the condensate,
the competition between the pinning force and the interactions by nucleated interstitial vortices leads to the melting of
vortex lattice, yielding a vortex liquid phase. 相似文献
3.
We investigated Au catalysts supported on TiO2, Fe2O3, and ZnO for their preferential oxidation of CO in a H2-rich atmosphere. Both full conversion and selectivity were achieved over Au/Fe2O3 and Au/ZnO around room temperature, but at higher temperatures the CO conversion was suppressed due to competition between CO and H2. 相似文献
4.
The three-dimensional dynamics of two interacting quantized vortex filaments is studied. The equations of motion and the method of numerical calculation follow Schwarz. Whether two approaching filaments reconnect or not depends on their arrangement before approach. When a ring moves toward a line from a distance, only within a critical initial distance they can reconnect. The critical distance is minimized when their circulations are parallel at the closest place, while it increases as their circulations begin to deviate from being parallel. Hence the reconnection probability can be less than unity. 相似文献
5.
Kenji Asai Teruhiro Hatanaka Masaharu Tsubota Kunio Yonezu Koji Ando 《Journal of power sources》1985,16(1):65-73
In order to estimate the discharge performance of tall lead/acid cells (with tubular positives), changes in current and potential distributions with discharge progress were calculated with a computer on the basis of plate resistance and the current—potential—time relationship between small facing parts of positive and negative plates. The taller the cell, the larger the voltage drop along the plates. Thus, the discharge time became shorter despite a large amount of available active mass remaining in the bottom part of the plates.Various current-collector designs were evaluated, e.g., one with varying resistance at each height; a side conductor placed along the plates and connected to them at the top, centre and bottom, etc. Results revealed an optimum collector design with which the maximum discharge capacity could be obtained. Furthermore, it was shown that the side conductor markedly improved the discharge performance because the active mass near the connecting parts was appreciably used. 相似文献
6.
In this paper, we describe two kinds of characteristic nonlinear dynamics in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates. For two overlapping components, we analyzed the collective modes and a variety of nonlinear mode couplings, which were then confirmed by numerical simulation of the time-dependent Gross–Pitaevskii equations. Next, we consider the nonlinear dynamics of two condensates after abruptly turning on the intercomponent coupling strength. For strong intercomponent interactions the out-of-phase density wave of the condensates became unstable, leading to mugtiple domain formation. 相似文献
7.
T Misaki M Tsubota G Watanabe Y Watanabe Y Matumoto K Ishida T Iwa R Okada 《Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly》1994,90(1):264-271
BACKGROUND: The mechanism of ventricular tachycardia (VT) after correction of tetralogy of Fallot (TF) is poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to examine the histopathology of the arrhythmogenic area detected by intraoperative mapping. METHODS AND RESULTS: The patients were three men who underwent radical surgery for TF at age 3, 3, or 5 years, respectively. VT developed at 8, 9, or 11 years, respectively, after surgery, and shock developed during VT in every case. The ECG revealed monomorphic VT in two cases and polymorphic VT in one case. Induction of VT resulted in a wide left-axis deviation-pattern QRS with cycle lengths varying between 260 and 330 milliseconds. The VT origin was identified at the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT). A radical operation was performed with the patient under cardiopulmonary bypass. On epicardial mapping, delayed activation of the RVOT was recorded during sinus rhythm, and clockwise circus movement of the macroreentry current during VT on the right ventricular free wall was documented in each case. The VTs were treated successfully by surgical resection and cryoablation of the myocardium. In every patient, histology of the myocardial specimens showed degeneration, adiposis, fibrosis, inflammatory cell infiltration, and scattered myocyte islets. These lesions corresponded anatomically to the area of myocardium in which delayed activation was evident during epicardial mapping. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study indicate that patients with VT after radical correction of the TF have abnormal histopathological findings at the site of the prior right ventriculotomy scar. These lesions were noted within the region of delayed activation found during epicardial mapping and were found to be a part of the reentrant circuit. 相似文献
8.
The discharge behaviour of electrodeposited lead dioxide and lead electrodes was investigated under various conditions; the surfaces of the discharged electrodes were observed with a scanning electron microscope. Both the positive and negative electrodes were passivated by a covering of deposited lead sulphate crystals. The amount of lead sulphate required for passivation depended on the size of the crystals. 相似文献
9.
C4+ and S4+-codoped titanium dioxide (TiO2) having a rutile phase was prepared. By doping C4+ and S4+ ions into a TiO2 lattice, the absorption edge of rutile TiO2 powder was largely shifted from 400 to 700 nm. 2-Methylpyridine and methyleneblue were photocatalytically oxidized at high efficiency on C4+ and S4+-doped TiO2 under visible light at a wavelength longer than 5 nm. 相似文献
10.
Takayoshi Yokoya Rikiya Yoshida Yuki Utsumi Koji Tsubota Hiroyuki Okazaki Takanori Wakita Yoshikazu Mizuguchi Yoshihiko Takano Takayuki Muro Yukako Kato Hiroshi Kumigashira Masaharu Oshima Hisatomo Harima Yoshihiro Aiura Hitoshi Sato Akihiro Ino Hirofumi Namatame Masaki Taniguchi Masaaki Hirai Yuji Muraoka 《Science and Technology of Advanced Materials》2012,13(5)
We have characterized the electronic structure of FeSe1−xTex for various x values using soft x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (SXPES), high-resolution photoemission spectroscopy (HRPES) and inverse photoemission spectroscopy (IPES). The SXPES valence band spectral shape shows that the 2 eV feature in FeSe, which was ascribed to the lower Hubbard band in previous theoretical studies, becomes less prominent with increasing x. HRPES exhibits systematic x dependence of the structure near the Fermi level (EF): its splitting near EF and filling of the pseudogap in FeSe. IPES shows two features, near EF and approximately 6 eV above EF; the former may be related to the Fe 3d states hybridized with chalcogenide p states, while the latter may consist of plane-wave-like and Se d components. In the incident electron energy dependence of IPES, the density of states near EF for FeSe and FeTe has the Fano lineshape characteristic of resonant behavior. These compounds exhibit different resonance profiles, which may reflect the differences in their electronic structures. By combining the PES and IPES data the on-site Coulomb energy was estimated at 3.5 eV for FeSe. 相似文献