Gasification of polyethylene (PE) pellet was studied using atmospheric argon-steam plasma generated by microwave discharge and the feasibility of the process was examined. The experimental results showed that additional steam to argon plasma promoted the weight decrease of PE and enhanced the production of H2, CO, CO2 and CH4. The results confirmed that the treatment of plastics with the steam plasma was effective to obtain synthesis gas. 相似文献
The impact of micro-alloying on tensile behavior at strain rates in various ranges is examined using five types of extruded Mg-0.3 at. pct Mn–0.1 at. pct X ternary alloys, where X is selected as a common element, Al, Li, Sn, Y or Zn. Microstructural observations reveal that the average grain size of these extruded alloys is between 1 and 3 μm, and these micro-alloying elements segregate at grain boundaries. In room temperature tensile and compression tests, these results show that the mechanical properties and deformation behavior are influenced by the micro-alloying element, even as a small addition of 0.1 at. pct. Mg–Mn–Y and Mg–Mn-Zn alloys show higher strength and smaller strain rate sensitivity (m-value) among the present alloys, owing to the rate-controlling mechanism as dislocation slip. On the other hand, the Mg–Mn–Li alloy exhibits the largest elongation to failure in tension and the highest strain rate sensitivity, associated with high contribution of grain boundary sliding to deformation. These differences are due to the grain boundary segregation of the micro-alloying elements. Compared to the common Mg alloys, the present ternary alloys also show a trade-off relationship between strength and ductility, which is similar to that of the well-known Mg alloys; however, these properties of the Mg–Mn system ternary alloys could be controlled via the type of micro-alloying elements with a chemical content of 0.1 at. pct.
Hydrogel prepared by repetitive freezing and thawing of poly(vinyl alcohol) aqueous solution was chemically crosslinked with glutaraldehyde. The chemically crosslinked hydrogel hardly changed its physical appearance, and showed good elasticity and strength as original gel. However, after treating in boiling water, it swelled a little, depending on the condition of the chemical treatment. The melted gel thus obtained showed shape memorizing property, that is, it could firmly hold nearly 200% of strain, keeping its original high elasticity. The strain could be released very quickly (< 1 s) in boiling water, and the gel was suggested to be applied to a new type of gel actuator. X-ray diffraction study revealed that the melted gel does not necessarily reform the physical crosslinks in exactly the same manner as the original gel in the process of shape restoring, but the distribution of the physical crosslinks can be restored as they were. It was suggested that the chemical crosslinks which remember the distribution of the physical crosslinks plays a critical roll in the shape restoring process. 相似文献
1-O-Octadecyl-2-O-methyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (ET-18-OMe) has been reported to possess definite antitumor activity in vivo. Twenty-two alkyl lysophospholipid analogs were chemically synthesized, and their antitumor activity against mouse experimental tumors (Sarcoma 180, MM46, P388) was examined. Among them, 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-acetoacetyl-rac-glycerol-3-phosphocholine was found to show antitumor activity similar to ET-18-OMe with less acute toxicity. Intravenous injection of the ET-18-OMe withsn-3 configuration retarded the subcutaneous growth of Sarcoma 180 cells effectively, while the growth inhibition by thesn-1 isomer was much less effective. This stereospecificity was similar to that observed in their activities as platelet-activating factor (PAF) agonists. The acetoacetyl compound, another PAF agonist, showed similar stereospecific antitumor action in vivo. These findings suggest that some alkyl lysophospholipids may activate host cells to a cytostatic stage against tumor cells in vivo through binding to a PAF receptor. Our preliminary results indicated that the responsible cells under these conditions might be primarily immature macrophages present in the bone marrow. No appreciable or even adverse stereospecificity was observed in the different sets of experiments where the activity of ET-18-OMe against MM46 tumor cells in vivo or the direct cytotoxicity against human promyelocytic leukemia HL-60 cells in vitro was examined. Under, some conditions, the antitumor activity of ET-18-OMe in vivo may be revealed through direct cytotoxicity and/or modulation of the host defense system by “nonspecific” mechanisms. Some alkylphospholipids without PAF activity may also show antitumor activity through similar, “nonspecific” mechanisms. 相似文献
This study was undertaken to estimate the effect of dietary high oleic acid oil (OA) on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone
(NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in mice. Diet containing 10% oil was fed to mice through experimental periods. On day 30
after NNK injection (100 mg/kg body weight, i.p.), the treatment increased the level of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) as well as proliferating cell nuclear antigen, a marker of cell proliferation in a high linoleic acid oil (LA)-fed group
but not in an OA-fed group. The NNK treatment also induced the activation of an extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)
cascade (Erk, Mek and Raf-1) in an LA-fed group. On the other hand, OA feeding abolished the NNK-induced activation of the
Erk cascade. In conjugation with these events, OA feeding reduced lung tumor incidence and tumor multiplicity (percentage
of mice with tumors) in mice compared with LA feeding at the 20th experimental week. These results suggest that OA suppresses
lung tumorigenesis and that this suppression is correlated with the inhibition of PGE2 production and inactivation of the Erk cascade. 相似文献
We have previously reported that platelet-activating factor (PAF) induces proliferation and microbicidal activity of guinea
pig bone marrow cells. In the present study, we have found that the conditioned medium of PAF- or nonmetabolizable PAF agonist-treated
guinea pig bone marrow cells augmented DNA synthesis and induced microbicial activity of bone marrow cells. A PAF specific
antagonist, CV-6209, inhibited generation of the active conditioned medium by PAF. Addition of the PAF antagonist only partially
suppressed the augmentative effect of the active conditioned medium on DNA synthesis; this is consistent with the fact that,
because of the rapid breakdown, no appreciable amount of PAF remained in the conditioned medium of PAF-treated cells. Although
mouse bone marrow cells did not respond to PAF unlike guinea pig cells, their DNA synthesis was significantly enhanced by
the conditioned medium of PAF-treated guinea pig bone marrow cells. Thus, some newly generated factor(s) distinct from the
originally inoculated PAF seemed to modulate the bioactions of PAF on bone marrow cells. An appreciable amount of PAF was
produced by calcium ionophore-treated guinea pig bone marrow cells. These findings indicate that PAF synthesized in guinea
pig bone marrow cells induces generation in the cells of some factor(s) which affects proliferation or microbicidal activity.
Presented at The Third International Conference on Platelet-Activating Factor and Structurally Related Ether Lipids, Tokyo,
Japan, May 1989. 相似文献
Summary Plasma-polymerized membranes for gas separation were prepared from 1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne. The permeation data of He, H2 02, N2, CO2, and CH4 through the membranes showed plasma-polymerized 1-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne had high permselectivity but low permeability compared with poly[l-(trimethylsilyl)-1-propyne]. This behavior is considered to be due to the crosslinking structure of the plasma-polymerized membrane. The correlation between plasma polymerization conditions and the membrane performance was studied. The optimum condition at which the deposition rate of the plasma polymer is maximized agreed with the optimum value to yield maximum separation factor of gases through the membrane. 相似文献
Wetting phenomena and the effect of alumina surface orientation on the wettability in Si/α-Al2O3 system were studied by an improved sessile drop method using , , C(0001) faces of single crystals and polycrystals at 1723 K in a reducing Ar–3% H2 atmosphere. The contact angles show a vibration behavior for all the single crystals but to a less extent for the polycrystals. The extent of the vibration correlates not only with the reaction intensity but also with the stability of the Si droplet on the alumina surfaces. The interfacial reaction leads to the formation of a series of reaction rings, which is more serious at the single crystal surfaces. More importantly, the wettability is dependent on the alumina surface orientation, with the intrinsic contact angles being about 98±2°, 101±1°, 69±1°, and 98±2°, respectively, for the , , C(0001) and polycrystal α-Al2O3 substrates. The much smaller contact angle for molten Si on the C(0001) surface is explained by the favorable reduction in the Si/α-Al2O3 interfacial free energy by the terminated and enriched aluminum atoms at the reconstructed surface. The importance of the aluminum presence at the Si/α-Al2O3 interface to the wettability of this system was further demonstrated by a substantial improvement in the wettability of the α-Al2O3 substrates by Si–Al alloys. 相似文献
Large scale online kernel learning aims to build an efficient and scalable kernel-based predictive model incrementally from a sequence of potentially infinite data points. Current state-of-the-art large scale online kernel learning focuses on improving efficiency. Two key approaches to gain efficiency through approximation are (1) limiting the number of support vectors, and (2) using an approximate feature map. They often employ a kernel with a feature map with intractable dimensionality. While these approaches can deal with large scale datasets efficiently, this outcome is achieved by compromising predictive accuracy because of the approximation. We offer an alternative approach that puts the kernel used at the heart of the approach. It focuses on creating a sparse and finite-dimensional feature map of a kernel called Isolation Kernel. Using this new approach, to achieve the above aim of large scale online kernel learning becomes extremely simple—simply use Isolation Kernel instead of a kernel having a feature map with intractable dimensionality. We show that, using Isolation Kernel, large scale online kernel learning can be achieved efficiently without sacrificing accuracy.