Where is the infant in infant intervention? A review of the literature on changing troubled mother-infant relationships.

Four intervention models that aim to reduce problematic caregiver–infant relationships are reviewed within the context of attachment theory. These models include support, guidance, psychotherapy, and infant-led psychotherapy. All of the models are consistent with attachment theory in that they aim to enhance maternal sensitivity and responsiveness. Only infant-led psychotherapy focuses primarily on the mother–infant relationship and directly includes the infant in treatment instead of focusing and working primarily with the more verbal partner, the caregiver. Thus, of the 4 interventions, infant-led psychotherapy is most consistent with the current empirical and theoretical understanding of infants as active contributors to their relationships and development. However, there is little empirical research on this intervention; the bulk of studies evaluate support and guidance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Imaging studies of in-cylinder HCCI combustion

An optically accessed, single cylinder engine operated in homogenous charge compression ignition (HCCI) mode with negative valve overlap (NVO) strategy was used to perform combustion processes diagnostics under premixed conditions corresponding to the low load regime of the HCCI operational envelope. The aforementioned processes analysis was conducted utilizing synchronized simultaneous combustion event crank-angle resolved images, acquired through piston crown window with in-cylinder pressure recording. This investigation was carried out for one-step ignition fuel—standard gasoline, fuel proceeding single-stage ignition process under conditions studied. The initial combustion stage is characterized by a maximum local reaction spreading velocity in the range of 40–55 m/s. The later combustion stage reveals values as high as 140 m/s in case of stoichiometric combustion. The mixture as well as combustion stages effects are pronounced in these observed analytical results.     

Late hematologic status after chemotherapy observed in patients 3 to 10 years after treatment

The aim of the present study is the evaluation of late hematological complication in patients who received aggressive chemotherapy, and were observed 3, 5 and 10 years after treatment was completed. In the group of 35 patients, besides high percent of early hematological complications, there was only one case of anemia grade 2 (acc. to WHO score). We concluded that the hematological recovery after aggressive chemotherapy was satisfactory. No secondary hematological malignancies have been found.     

Accuracy of Nanoscale Pitch Standards Fabricated by Laser-Focused Atomic Deposition

The pitch accuracy of a grating formed by laser-focused atomic deposition is evaluated from the point of view of fabricating nanoscale pitch standard artifacts. The average pitch obtained by the process, nominally half the laser wavelength, is simply traceable with small uncertainty to an atomic frequency and hence can be known with very high accuracy. An error budget is presented for a Cr on sapphire sample, showing that a combined standard uncertainty of 0.0049 nm, or a relative uncertainty of 2.3 × 10⁻⁵, is readily obtained, provided the substrate temperature does not change. Precision measurements of the diffraction of the 351.1 nm argon ion laser line from such an artifact are also presented. These yield an average pitch of (212.7777 ± 0.0069) nm, which agrees well with the expected value, as corrected for thermal contraction, of (212.7705 ± 0.0049) nm.     

Discovery and Structure–Activity Relationships of N-Aryl 6-Aminoquinoxalines as Potent PFKFB3 Kinase Inhibitors

Energy and biomass production in cancer cells are largely supported by aerobic glycolysis in what is called the Warburg effect. The process is regulated by key enzymes, among which phosphofructokinase PFK-2 plays a significant role by producing fructose-2,6-biphosphate; the most potent activator of the glycolysis rate-limiting step performed by phosphofructokinase PFK-1. Herein, the synthesis, biological evaluation and structure–activity relationship of novel inhibitors of 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase 3 (PFKFB3), which is the ubiquitous and hypoxia-induced isoform of PFK-2, are reported. X-ray crystallography and docking were instrumental in the design and optimisation of a series of N-aryl 6-aminoquinoxalines. The most potent representative, N-(4-methanesulfonylpyridin-3-yl)-8-(3-methyl-1-benzothiophen-5-yl)quinoxalin-6-amine, displayed an IC₅₀ of 14 nm for the target and an IC₅₀ of 0.49 μm for fructose-2,6-biphosphate production in human colon carcinoma HCT116 cells. This work provides a new entry in the field of PFKFB3 inhibitors with potential for development in oncology.     

Surface plasmon resonance sensor using an optical fiber with an inverted graded-index profile

A new optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance is described. It uses an optical fiber with an inverted graded-index profile. A theoretical analysis of the optical propagation when a point light source was used and a computation of the optical power transmitted by the fiber were performed. Experiments were carried out to measure changes of the transmitted power caused by refractive-index variations of the surrounding dielectric medium. Both the simulation and experiments have shown that the sensor exhibits high sensitivity for changes of the surrounding medium in a refractive index range from 1.33 to 1.39.     

Versatile capillary column temperature control using a thermoelectric array based platform

A new direct contact platform for capillary column precise temperature control based upon the use of individually controlled sequentially aligned Peltier thermoelectric units is presented. The platform provides rapid temperature control for capillary and microbore liquid chromatography columns and allows simultaneous temporal and spatial temperature programming. The operating temperature range of the platform was between 15 and 200 °C for each of 10 aligned Peltier units, with a ramp rate of approximately 400 °C/min. The system was evaluated for a number of nonstandard capillary based applications, such as the direct application of temperature gradients with both linear and nonlinear profiles, including both static column temperature gradients and temporal temperature gradients, and the formation of in-capillary monolithic stationary phases with gradient polymerization through precise temperature control.     

Air Distributor Pressure Drop Analysis in a Circulating Fluidized-Bed Boiler for Non-reference Operating Conditions

The air distributor plays a key role in circulating fluidized-bed (CFB) boilers providing an even gas distribution in the cross section of the furnace. In most cases, this task under real conditions is very difficult to implement due to the destruction of the tuyeres. For this reason, the air distributors of many CFB boilers operate under conditions deviating from the design recommendations, which has a direct impact on the hydrodynamics of the fluidized bed and heat transfer conditions. This work reports studies on the performance of a tuyere-type air distributor utilized in a CFB boiler and working under non-reference operating conditions. Based on the results of simulation calculations, practical equations for a distributor pressure drop calculation have been derived taking into account a different degree of tuyere destruction.