Recent advances in clinical practice drive deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) as an important class of biomarker. Monitoring the change in their concentration suggests the initiation and/or progression of various disorders. However, low quantity of DNA biomarkers in body fluids requires a delicate isolation methodology that provides efficient separation and easy handling. This study describes a newer‐generation separation technology relying on electrospun fibers of sub‐micrometer diameter of a commodity polymer for DNA biomarkers in simulative serum. Fibrous polystyrene membranes are prepared by electrospinning and they are subjected to post‐modification with Au. The composite membranes may provide a convenient environment for the removal of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from BSA and DNA mixtures. The eluent can be used as an efficient tool for detection of DNA biomarkers associated with diagnosis of numerous life‐threatening diseases.
This paper models the allocation of energy inputs in the US petroleum and coal products industry by allocating combustible fuel and renewable energy inputs among generic end-uses, including intermediate conversions through onsite power and steam generation. This analysis, called an energy end-use model, showed that 72% of the fuel input in the US petroleum and coal products industry goes to onsite steam and power generation, whereas 28% goes directly to end-uses. Eight percent of the boiler output is used for power generation, 72% goes directly to end-uses, and 20% is waste heat. Among the end-uses, process heating is the biggest energy user with a total energy consumption of 2338 PJ, whereas machine drive is the biggest electricity consumer with a consumption of 168 PJ. This paper also provides estimates of the uncertainty of the data. The approach to create this model is applicable to all other industries for which data is available and the model is consistent with US Department of Energy data for 1998. When used in conjunction with similar models for other years, it can be used to identify the changes and trends in energy utilization even at the prime mover level of detail. 相似文献
The objectives of this study were to define the phenolic and fatty acid profiles, anticholinesterase, antioxidant, antimicrobial activities, and total phenolic-flavonoid contents of Lycopsis orientalis and Tragopogon latifolius var. angustifolius which have been used as food source and food supplement in Anatolia and have never been examined before. Rosmarinic and quinic acids (21.11 and 11.46 mg g–1 extract, respectively) were found to be the most abundant constituents in L. orientalis and T. latifolius var. angustifolius among the studied 27 compounds by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. In the fatty acid compositions of L. orientalis and T. latifolius var. angustifolius that were determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, oleic (29.1%) and palmitic (28.7%) acids were identified as the major components, respectively. The high antioxidant activity of the methanol extract of L. orientalis shows parallelism to its rosmarinic acid content. Besides, this extract showed medium anticholinesterase activity. The results of the present study proves that the L. orientalis might also be used as a food source due to its high phenolic acid content and strong antioxidant property. 相似文献
The reactions of thiocarbohydrazones with malononitrile dimer under microwave irradiation are reported. These reactions give 6-imino-1,3,4-thiadiazines in good yields. The structures of products were elucidated by MS, IR and NMR spectra together with elemental analyses. The reaction mechanism was discussed. 相似文献
This study presents the potential of the burning and/or transmutation (B/T) of transuraniums (TRUs), discharged from the pressured water reactor PWR-UO2 spent fuel, in the modified PROMETHEUS-H fusion reactor. Two different design shapes (Models A and B) were considered. The transmutation zone (TZ), which contains the mixture of TRU nuclides (10%), was located in the modified blankets. The volume fraction of Pu in the mixture is raised from 0 to 40% stepped by 10% to determine its effect on the B/T. The fuel spheres were cladded with SiC (5%) and cooled with high-pressured helium gas (85%) for nuclear heat transfer. The calculations were performed for an operation period (OP) of up to 10 years by 75% plant factor (η) under a neutron wall load (P) of 4.7 MW/m2. The results bring out that: (1) the Model B transmutes the TRUs more rapidly than the Model A; (2) the effective half-lives decrease about 20 and 40% with the increase of Pu fraction in the cases of Models A and B, respectively; (3) the M values are quite high with respect to the M value of the original PROMETHEUS fusion reactor; (4) the blankets can produce substantial electricity in situ. 相似文献
This study presents the effects of mixture fractions of nuclear fuels (mixture of fissile–fertile fuels and mixture of two different fertile fuels) and 6Li enrichment on the neutronic parameters (the tritium breeding ratio, TBR, the fission rate, FR, the energy multiplication ratio, M, the fissile breeding rate, FBR, the neutron leakage out of blanket, L, and the peak-to-average fission power density ratio, Γ) of a deuterium–tritium (D–T) fusion neutron-driven hybrid blanket. Three different fertile fuels (232Th, 238U and 244Cm), and one fissile fuel (235U) were selected as the nuclear fuel. Two different coolants (pressurized helium and natural lithium) were used for the nuclear heat transfer out of the fuel zone (FZ). The Boltzmann transport equation was solved numerically for obtaining the neutronic parameters with the help of the neutron transport code XSDRNPM/SCALE4.4a. In addition, these calculations were performed by also using the MCNP4B code. The sub-limits of the mixture fractions and 6Li enrichment were determined for the tritium self-sufficiency. The considered hybrid reactor can be operated in a self-sufficiency mode in the cases with the fuel mixtures mixed with a fraction of equal to or greater than these sub-limits. Furthermore, the numerical results show that the fissile fuel breeding and fission potentials of the blankets with the helium coolant are higher than with the lithium coolant. 相似文献
This study presents the hydrogen production and fissile breeding potentials of Force-Free Helical Reactor (FFHR) fueled with the molten-salt mixtures. The sulfur–iodine (S–I) thermochemical water-splitting and high-temperature electrolysis cycles, which are the most promising water-splitting cycles, are selected to produce large-scale and pure hydrogen. The XSDRNPM/SCALE4.4a neutron transport code is used for the neutronic calculations. The analyses have been performed individually for four different molten-salt mixtures, (pure FLiBe, mixture of FLiBe and ThF4, mixture of FLiBe and UF4, and mixture of FLiBe, ThF4 and 233UF4). The numerical results bring out that the considered molten-salt fusion breeder reactor has a high neutronic performance and can produce a considerable amount of the hydrogen production (up to 40 kg/s), as well as the fissile fuel (up to 2.5 tons/yr). 相似文献