HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis of volatile aromatic compounds in alcohol related beverages made with mulberry fruits

Wine aroma is one of the most important parameters responsible for its quality, and hence for consumer acceptance. In order to obtain an appropriate technique to study volatile aroma compounds in mulberry wines, headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) comb 40°C for 30 min with a 50/30 μm divinylbenzenecarboxen-polydimethylsiloxane (DVB-CAR-PDMS) fiber. Approximately 80 volatile compounds have been quantified in the mulberry wine, pertaining at several chemical groups, mainly higher alcohols, fatty acids, esters, and some volatile phenols whose concentration range from few to 138.36 mg/L. This work describes a novel methodology for the analysis of mulberry wines by HS-SPME coupled to GC-MS. HS-SPME using a 50/30 μm DVB-CAR-PDMS fiber is provided the higher extraction efficiency (p<0.05) for the volatiles including the most esters, higher alcohols, and fatty acids than by the other fibers.     

Structure–Property–Process Relationship for Blown Films of Bimodal HDPE and Its LLDPE Blend

Blown films of bimodal‐high‐density polyethylene (HDPE) (BPE) and its blend containing 40 wt% of linear low‐density polyethylene (LLDPE) are prepared in various neck‐heights (NHs). The crystal structures of both films are investigated in detail using small‐angle X‐ray scattering and wide‐angle x‐ray diffraction techniques. The results show that the blending of LLDPE notably modifies the crystal structure of BPE, including crystal density (ρ_c), crystallite size of the 110 plane (〈L₁₁₀〉), thickness of the lamellar crystal (L_c), and grain widths of the lamellae. The relationships between NH, crystal structure, and the resistance of dart‐drop impact (DDI) are investigated for both BPE and BPE/LLDPE films. The results indicate that the reorientation of lamellae might be a primary factor responsible for the DDI property. However, large values of ρ_c, L_c, and 〈L₁₁₀〉 are required for the film to achieve high DDI.     

Mechanistic study on spraying of blended biodiesel using phase Doppler anemometry

Droplet size and dynamics of blended palm oil-based fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and diesel oil spray were mechanistically investigated using a phase Doppler anemometry. A two-fluid atomizer was applied for dispersing viscous blends of blended biodiesel oil with designated flow rates. It was experimentally found that the atomizer could generate a spray with large droplets with Sauter mean diameters of ca. 30 μm at low air injection pressure. Such large droplets traveled with a low velocity along their trajectory after emerging from the nozzle tip. The viscosity of blended biodiesel could significantly affect the atomizing process, resulting in the controlled droplet size distribution. Blended biodiesel with a certain fraction of palm oil-based FAME would be consistently atomized owing to its low viscosity. However, the viscosity could exert only a small effect on the droplet velocity profile with the air injection pressure higher than 0.2 MPa.