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1.
Possibilities and problems with the use of models as a communication tool in water resource management 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
Politicians and policy-makers, as well as modellers, often nurses an expectation that model derived results is an objective
source of information that can be used to support decisions. However, several prerequisites have to be dealt with in order
to ensure that models can be used as legitimate and efficient tools in water resource management. Based on empirical material
from recent studies on the use of models in stakeholder dialogues, mainly focusing on catchment nutrient transport, two central
problems are identified: (a) Models are laden with choices and thus depend on assumptions and priorities of modellers. (b)
There are several factors that influence ability and willingness of stakeholders (as information recovers) to criticize or
accept results of the modelling exercise. Recognized factors likely to influence stakeholders' acceptance of model derived
results include issues at stake, stakeholders' ability to criticize model derived information, and their trust in the institutions
that have developed or applied the used models. Identified prerequisites for successful use of models in integrated water
resource management include: consideration of user relevance, awareness of and preparedness to handle constraints linked to
communication of model-based results, transparency of used models and data and of involved uncertainties, mutual respect between
experts and stakeholders and between involved stakeholder groups, a robust institutional network, and sufficient time for
dialogues. Development and use of strategies for participatory modelling, based on a continuous dialogue between experts and
stakeholders is recommended as a way to facilitate that the prerequisites for a successful use of models in water resource
management are fulfilled. 相似文献
2.
Ming Li Shunbo Li Jinbo Wu Weijia Wen Weihua Li Gursel Alici 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2012,12(5):751-760
We report a simple and cost-effective method for fabricating integrated electronic-microfluidic devices with multilayer configurations.
A CO2 laser plotter was employed to directly write patterns on a transferred polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) layer, which served as
both a bonding and a working layer. The integration of electronics in microfluidic devices was achieved by an alignment bonding
of top and bottom electrode-patterned substrates fabricated with conventional lithography, sputtering and lift-off techniques.
Processes of the developed fabrication method were illustrated. Major issues associated with this method as PDMS surface treatment
and characterization, thickness-control of the transferred PDMS layer, and laser parameters optimization were discussed, along
with the examination and testing of bonding with two representative materials (glass and silicon). The capability of this
method was further demonstrated by fabricating a microfluidic chip with sputter-coated electrodes on the top and bottom substrates.
The device functioning as a microparticle focusing and trapping chip was experimentally verified. It is confirmed that the
proposed method has many advantages, including simple and fast fabrication process, low cost, easy integration of electronics,
strong bonding strength, chemical and biological compatibility, etc. 相似文献
3.
Hamed Salimkhani Emre Erdem Selmiye Alkan Gursel Alp Yurum 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2021,104(8):4257-4271
Recently, lanthanides have been employed by researchers to examine their impact on the structure and properties of Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) garnets. In this regard, we developed Europium oxide (Eu2O3) doped LLZO (Li7+δEuxLa3−δZr2−δO12−δ) solid electrolyte which demonstrates a cubic phase with the symmetry of Iad (No.230) at room temperature. In this investigation, different concentrations of Eu ranging from 0.1 to 0.6 atoms per formula unit (pfu) were doped into Li7La3Zr2O12 to evaluate the impact of Eu on the stability of the cubic phase and thereby the ionic conductivity. The results unveiled that upon doping Eu3+ ions, the Eu2+ state is also formed and is then self-doped into the structure in which Rietveld refinement coupled with XPS, EPR, and solid-state NMR suggests that Eu3+ ions most probably partially occupy Zr4+ (16a) site, the Eu2+ ions occupy La3+ (24d) site, and the Li+ ions occupy two different sites (24d and 96h). It was further found that such a site preference induces distortion at LaO8 polyhedrons opening up the neck for Li-ions diffusion, thereby enhancing the ionic conductivity. Moreover, it was revealed that Li-ions probably hop from 96h to 24d and then to 96h site to generate the Li-ion movement. Overall, by introducing Eu ions into the LLZO structure, an enhanced bulk ionic conductivity of 0.30 × 10−3 S/cm at 298 K with a minimum electronic conductivity of 2.547 × 10−9 S/cm at 298 K was achieved. 相似文献
4.
Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a statistical process monitoring technique that has been widely used in industrial applications. PCA methods for Fault Detection (FD) use data collected from a steady-state process to monitor T2 and Q statistics with a fixed threshold. For the systems where transient values of the processes must be taken into account, the usage of a fixed threshold in PCA method causes false alarms and missing data that significantly compromise the reliability of the monitoring systems. In the present article, a new PCA method based on variance sensitive adaptive threshold (Tvsa) is proposed to overcome false alarms which occur in the transient states according to changing process conditions and the missing data problem. The proposed method is implemented and validated experimentally on an electromechanical system. The method is compared with the conventional monitoring methods. Experimental tests and tabulated results confirm the fact that the proposed method is applicable and effective for both the steady-state and transient operations and gives early warning to operators. 相似文献
5.
Ming Li Shunbo Li Wenbin Cao Weihua Li Weijia Wen Gursel Alici 《Microfluidics and nanofluidics》2013,14(3-4):527-539
This article presents a dielectrophoresis (DEP)-based microfluidic device with the three-dimensional (3D) microelectrode configuration for concentrating and separating particles in a continuous throughflow. The 3D electrode structure, where microelectrode array are patterned on both the top and bottom surfaces of the microchannel, is composed of three units: focusing, aligning and trapping. As particles flowing through the microfluidic channel, they are firstly focused and aligned by the funnel-shaped and parallel electrode array, respectively, before being captured at the trapping unit due to negative DEP force. For a mixture of two particle populations of different sizes or dielectric properties, with a careful selection of suspending medium and applied field, the population exhibits stronger negative DEP manipulated by the microelectrode array and, therefore, separated from the other population which is easily carried away toward the outlet due to hydrodynamic force. The functionality of the proposed microdevice was verified by concentrating different-sized polystyrene (PS) microparticles and yeast cells dynamically flowing in the microchannel. Moreover, separation based on size and dielectric properties was achieved by sorting PS microparticles, and isolating 5 μm PS particles from yeast cells, respectively. The performance of the proposed micro-concentrator and separator was also studied, including the threshold voltage at which particles begin to be trapped, variation of cell-trapping efficiency with respect to the applied voltage and flow rate, and the efficiency of separation experiments. The proposed microdevice has various advantages, including multi-functionality, improved manipulation efficiency and throughput, easy fabrication and operation, etc., which shows a great potential for biological, chemical and medical applications. 相似文献
6.
Fabrication process of open surfaces by robotic fibre placement 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:3
Composite materials are being used extensively in many industrial sectors. They offer excellent material properties compared to other structural materials available. However, the traditional fabrication process using manual hand lay-up is time consuming and labour intensive. Therefore, robotic fibre placement has been introduced to overcome these drawbacks. This approach may greatly reduce cycle time and manufacturing costs. This paper describes the overall strategy for the establishment of a flexible robotic fibre placement technique. The fabrication process planning of this new technique is presented. Three different types of fibre placement for open surfaces are discussed. These include simulation-based fibre path generation, fibre steering, and sensory-based contour following methodologies. The system architecture for the process control is also presented. 相似文献
7.
Adnan Tasdemir Buse Bulut Kopuklu Ahmet Can Kirlioglu Selmiye Alkan Gursel Alp Yurum 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2021,46(21):11865-11877
A straightforward, one-step route has been established to fabricate reduced- (rGO) and nitrogen-doped reduced graphene oxide (NrGO) with remarkable lithium-ion storage properties. The graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized as starting material by improved Hummers’ method. Thereafter, thermally annealing GO with NH3 at elevated temperature to synthesize NrGO was yielded a more open structure with nitrogen sites suitable for enhanced Li intercalation. NrGO exhibited a reversible capacity of 240 mAhg?1 at 10 Ag-1 after 500 cycles with 90% capacity retention, which is the best result achieved among graphene oxide-based anodes at this current density. In contrast to rGO, NrGO cells exhibited a gradually increasing capacity profile, reaching up to 114% of the initial capacity at 0.1, 2, and 10 Ag-1 current densities. Results showed that high occupancy of pyridinic N within NrGO enhanced battery performance and cell kinetics upon cycling which offers long-time operability at high current density. 相似文献
8.
Latent heat energy storage characteristics of building composites of bentonite clay and pumice sand with different organic PCMs 下载免费PDF全文
In the present work, six new kinds of building composite PCMs (BCPCMs), PS/octadecane, BC/octadecane, PS/CA–MA, BC/CA–MA, PS/PEG1000, and BC/PEG1000 composites, were prepared by using vacuum impregnation method. The maximum percent of PCM in the composites was assigned to be 12, 13, 18, 23, 30, and 42 wt%, respectively. The form‐stable BCPCMs were characterized using SEM, FT‐IR, DSC, and TG analysis techniques. The characterization results showed the existence of homogenous dispersion of the PCM into the PBM matrixes. The DSC measurements indicated that the melting temperatures of the form‐stable BCPCMs are in the range of 20–33°C while they have latent heats of melting in the range of about 28–55 J/g. These results make them promising BCPCMs for low temperature‐passive TES applications in buildings. Thermal cycling test indicated that the prepared BCPCMs have good thermal reliability and chemical stability. TG analysis proved that the prepared BCPCMs have good thermal durability. In addition, the thermal conductivity of BCPCMs was enhanced considerably by addition of expanded graphite (EG). The improvement in thermal conductivity of the BCPCMs caused appreciably reduction in their melting times. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
9.
Characterization of nanocomposite resol resins: Individual/synergist effects of alendronic acid and sepiolite 下载免费PDF全文
Alendronic acid modified resol nanocomposite resins (AA‐PFNCRs) and sepiolite modified resol nanocomposite resins (SEP‐PFNCRs) have been synthesized by in situ method in the presence of base catalyst. Additionally, the synergistic effects of alendronic acid and sepiolite clay (AA‐SEP‐PFNCR) on the resol resin have been studied. The structure, morphology, and thermal properties of these nanocomposites have been investigated by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), and X‐ray Diffraction (XRD). The results demonstrated the interactions between the fillers and resol resin. Thermal properties of nanocomposite resins were improved due to alendronic acid and sepiolite. The obtained samples were also characterized morphologically by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 43807. 相似文献
10.
CAD-oriented analytic formulas are presented for calculating the quasistatic TEM parameters of the overlayed supported asymmetric coplanar waveguides (OSACPW). The effect of the thicknesses and the dielectric constants of the overlaying and supporting materials on the quasistatic parameters has been investigated by using the expressions derived by the conformal mapping techniques. Comparisons have also been made between this article's results and the results available in the literature for the conventional coplanar waveguide (CPW) and the asymmetric coplanar waveguide (ACPW). It has been shown that the present formulas can also be used for calculating the quasistatic TEM parameters of the line structures such as the open, the open supported, and the overlayed supported CPW or ACPW. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 相似文献