Low-Temperature Superplastic Deformation of Cold-Rolled Fe–5.6Mn–1.1Al–0.2C Steel

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A - A cold-rolled low Al-added medium Mn steel was employed to investigate the low-temperature superplastic deformation at a relatively high initial strain...     

Application of ionic liquids for the removal of heavy metals from wastewater and activated sludge

This paper presents the results of adsorption studies on the removal of heavy metals (Cr, Cu, Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn) from standard solutions, real wastewater samples and activated sewage sludge using a new technique of liquid-liquid extraction using quaternary ammonium and phosphonium ionic liquids (ILs). Batch sorption experiments were conducted using the ILs [PR4][TS], [PR4][MTBA], [A336][TS] and [A336][MTBA]. Removal of these heavy metals from standard solutions were not effective, however removal of heavy metals from the industrial effluents/wastewater treatment plants were satisfactory, indicating that the removal depends mainly on the composition of the wastewater and cannot be predicted with standard solutions. Removal of heavy metals from activated sludge proved to be more successful than conventional methods such as incineration, acid extraction, thermal treatment, etc. For the heavy metals Cu, Ni and Zn, ≥90% removal was achieved.     

Characterization and microstructure of highly preferred oriented lead barium titanate thin films on MgO (100) by sol-gel process

Highly preferred oriented lead barium titanate (Pb_1−x,Ba_x)TiO₃ thin film, with particular emphasis on (Pb_0.5,Ba_0.5)TiO₃, can be obtained by spin-coating on MgO (100) substrate by using the precursor sol, which was synthesized from acetylacetone chelating with titanium isopropoxide and ethylene glycol as a solvent, in the sol-gel process. Film thickness, pyrolysis temperature and heating rate were studied systemically to investigate their influences on the formation of preferred oriented thin films. The highly preferred (001)/(100) oriented thin film could be obtained by the pyrolysis of wet film at 500 °C and annealing at 600 °C at a slow heating rate of 5 °C/min. It is confirmed that the tetragonal perovskite structure of the titanate ceramic decreases with an increase of Ba content in (Pb_1−x,Ba_x)TiO₃. The (001)/(100) oriented films were synthesized from all compositions between x = 0.2 and x = 0.8, at a crystallization temperature of 600 °C. In particular, for the Ba content in the range of x = 0.50.6, highly preferred (001)/(100) planes were observed.     

Flavonoid constituents and antioxidant capacity in flowers of different Zhongyuan tree penoy cultivars

Flavonoid components in flowers of 48 Zhongyuan tree penoy cultivars were identified by means of a hyphenated technique of HPLC coupled with a photodiode array detection and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC-DAD-ESIMS). The total phenolic content (TPC) was determined by Folin–Ciocalteu method and the antioxidant activity with both 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. About 14 flavonoids including five anthocyanins, three flavonol glycosides and six flavone glycosides were described. Apigenin-pento-hexoside and Apigenin-hexo-glucuronide were reported for the first time. TPC, expressed as gallic acid content, varied between 3.97 and 21.73 mg/g fresh weight. Antioxidant activity varied among the cultivars (7.66–31.36 and 4.80–17.87 mg ascorbic acid equivalents/g fresh weight for DPPH and FRAP assays, respectively) and highly corresponded with TPC.     

Microwave-promoted conversion of concentrated fructose into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in ionic liquids in the absence of catalysts

Under microwave irradiation, concentrated fructose (33-92 wt%) in ionic liquids afforded 5-hydroxymethylfurfural in ca. 97-57% yields without addition of catalysts, within 3 min. In-situ¹³C NMR and ¹H NMR spectra suggest that the transformation of fructose in ionic liquid is a highly selective reaction that proceeds predominantly via the cyclic fructofuransyl intermediate. This method is expected to be valuable in facilitating cost-effective conversion of carbohydrates into biofuels and platform chemicals.     

Evaluation of the bactericidal characteristics of nano-copper oxide or functionalized zeolite coating for bio-corrosion control in concrete sewer pipes

The bactericidal characteristics of nano-copper oxide or functionalized zeolite coated concrete pipes against Acidithiobacillus thiooxidans were studied by measuring the temporal variation of bacterial dry cell weight measurement, cellular Adenosine Triphosphate production, as well as oxygen uptake rate of the aforementioned bacterium. Uncorroded (UC), severely corroded (SC), and moderately corroded (MC) concrete pipes were electrochemically coated with a nano-copper oxide, while another uncorroded concrete pipe was used to apply functionalized zeolite coating (Z2). Specimens were characterized by field emission-scanning electron microscopy, and optical microscopy. Oxygen uptake rate of the bacterium was the highest in UC followed by the MC. Oxygen uptake rate and cellular Adenosine Triphosphate decreased progressively in Z2 and SC throughout the duration of the experiment due to decline in live bacterial cell. The maximum bacterial specific growth rate was 1.1 × 10⁻² day⁻¹ for both UC and MC, with a decay rates varying from 1.4 × 10⁻² to 2.6 × 10⁻² day⁻¹. The minimum concentration limits for the inhibition of the bacterium in the nano-copper oxide coated concrete pipes ranged from 2.3 mg to 2.6 mg Cu per mg dry cell weight.     

黄粉虫幼虫粉酶解及体外抗氧化性研究

主要研究了Alcalase蛋白酶水解脱脂黄粉虫幼虫粉的工艺,并对水解产物的体外抗氧化能力进行测定.在单因素基础上以还原力为指标设计正交试验得到水解最佳条件为:温度60℃,pH值8.5,加酶量150μL,反应时间100 min.抗氧化试验结果表明,脱脂黄粉虫幼虫粉水解液清除1,1-二苯基-2-苦基苯肼(DPPH)自由基和羟自由基的半抑制率(IC_(50))分别为0.45 mg/mL和4.1 mg/mL,分别是VC的IC_(50)值的112.5倍和19.5倍,还原能力是VC的1/100.将水解前后的脱脂黄粉虫幼虫粉溶液进行高效毛细管电泳(HPCE)测定,测定结果表明,经Alcalase蛋白酶水解后,溶液中可溶性组分增多.