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排序方式: 共有705条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
This study assessed the collection efficiency (CE) of two popularly used sampling devices (BioSampler and Coriolis sampler) for fungal aerosols. Phosphate‐buffered saline (PBS) supplemented with or without surfactant (Tween‐20, Tween‐80, or Triton X‐100) and antifoam agent was prepared and used as collection liquids. The agar impactor (BioStage) was simultaneously operated with liquid‐based samplers to collect fungi from seven sites located at a university building, public library, and animal farming. Fungal concentrations determined by liquid samplers were divided by those by BioStage, and the ratio values represented CE. Results indicate that the CE of BioSampler was superior to that of Coriolis (P = 0.0001) and the PBS containing surfactant collected fungi better than that without surfactant (P < 0.0001), whereas antifoam agent showed no influence (P = 0.8). Moreover, fungal concentrations determined by BioSampler with surfactant‐added PBS were statistically indifferent from those by BioStage (P > 0.05) with a Spearman correlation coefficient of 0.81‐0.83 (P < 0.01). In addition to sampler and collection liquid, sampling location was also identified as a significant CE factor (P = 0.006), implying potential influences by fungal genera in the studied fields. Overall, BioSampler with surfactant‐supplemented PBS (eg, Triton X‐100) is recommended considering the great CE and compatibility with a variety of analytical assays. 相似文献
2.
The mild sliding wear behaviour of a 15 vol % Al2O3P/6061 Al composite has been investigated by using a pin-on-disc reciprocating sliding machine. The composite has been shown to exhibit an excellent wear resistance as compared to the unreinforced matrix alloy. The wear rate of the composite under dry wear conditions with a 12N load is approximately one tenth of that in the 6061 aluminium alloy. The wear rate of the composite under lubrication with 15W/40 gear oil under a 100N load is only one thousandth ofthat in the 6061 aluminium alloy.The dry wear resistance of an over-aged sample is shown here to be better than a peak aged or under-aged sample when the composite was aged at 160°C. The coefficient of friction of the composite was approximately 0.5–0.6 under dry conditions and 0.07 in lubricated wear experiments.In the initial stage, the worn surface of the composite under dry conditions is primarily composed of ploughed grooves and ductile tear. The composite makes a conducting contact with the steel pin. The worn surface is composed of compacted powder and the contact potential gradually increases when the period of the wear experiment goes beyond 2 h. 相似文献
3.
Efficiency improvement of near-ultraviolet InGaN LEDs using patterned sapphire substrates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Woei-Kai Wang Dong-Sing Wuu Lin S.-H. Han P. Horng R.-H. Ta-Cheng Hsu Huo D.T.-C. Ming-Jiunn Jou Yuan-Hsin Yu Lin A. 《Quantum Electronics, IEEE Journal of》2005,41(11):1403-1409
The use of conventional and patterned sapphire substrates (PSSs) to fabricate InGaN-based near-ultraviolet (410 nm) light-emitting diodes (LEDs) was demonstrated. The PSS was prepared using a periodic hole pattern (diameter: 3 /spl mu/m; spacing: 3 /spl mu/m) on the (0001) sapphire with different etching depths. From transmission-electron-microscopy and etch-pit-density studies, the PSS with an optimum pattern depth (D/sub h/=1.5 /spl mu/m) was confirmed to be an efficient way to reduce the thread dislocations in the GaN microstructure. It was found that the output power increased from 8.6 to 10.4 mW, corresponding to about 29% increases in the external quantum efficiency. However, the internal quantum efficiency (@ 20 mA) was about 36% and 38% for the conventional and PSS LEDs, respectively. The achieved improvement of the output power is not only due to the improvement of the internal quantum efficiency upon decreasing the dislocation density, but also due to the enhancement of the extraction efficiency using the PSS. Finally, better long-time reliability of the PSS LED performance was observed. 相似文献
4.
Enhanced output power of near-ultraviolet InGaN-GaN LEDs grown on patterned sapphire substrates 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
D.S. Wuu W.K. Wang W.C. Shih R.H. Horng C.E. Lee W.Y. Lin J.S. Fang 《Photonics Technology Letters, IEEE》2005,17(2):288-290
Near-ultraviolet nitride-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak emission wavelengths around 410 nm were fabricated onto c-face patterned sapphire substrates (PSS). It was found that the electroluminescence intensity of the PSS LED shown 63% larger than that of the conventional LED. For a typical lamp-form PSS LED operating at a forward current of 20 mA, the output power and external quantum efficiency were estimated to be 10.4 mW and 14.1%, respectively. The improvement in the light intensity could be attributed to the decrease of threading dislocations and the increase of light extraction efficiency in the horizontal direction using a PSS. 相似文献
5.
Shih-Ying Lin Shi-Jinn Horng Tzong-Wann Kao Chin-Shyurng Fahn Deng-Kui Huang Ray-Shine Run Yuh-Rau Wang I.-Hong Kuo 《Applied Soft Computing》2012,12(9):2840-2845
A particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm combined with the random-key (RK) encoding scheme (named as PSORK) for solving a bi-objective personnel assignment problem (BOPAP) is presented. The main contribution of this work is to improve the f1_f2 heuristic algorithm which was proposed by Huang et al. [3]. The objective of the f1_f2 heuristic algorithm is to get a satisfaction level (SL) value which is satisfied to the bi-objective values f1, and f2 for the personnel assignment problem. In this paper, PSORK algorithm searches the solution of BOPAP space thoroughly. The experimental results show that the solution quality of BOPAP based on the proposed method is far better than that of the f1_f2 heuristic algorithm. 相似文献
6.
Shi-Jinn Horng Didi Rosiyadi Pingzhi Fan Xian Wang Muhammad Khurram Khan 《Multimedia Tools and Applications》2014,72(3):3085-3103
This paper proposes an adaptive watermarking scheme for e-government document images. The adaptive scheme combines the discrete cosine transform (DCT) and the singular value decomposition (SVD) using luminance masking. As a core of masking model in the human visual system (HVS), luminance masking is implemented to improve noise sensitivity. Genetic algorithm (GA), subsequently, is employed for the optimization of the scaling factor of the masking. Involving a number of steps, the scheme proposed through this study begins by calculating the mask of the host image using luminance masking. It is then continued by transforming the mask on each area into all frequencies domain. The watermark image, following this, is embedded by modifying the singular values of DCT-transformed host image with singular values of mask coefficient of host image and the control parameter of DCT-transformed watermark image using Genetic Algorithm (GA). The use of both the singular values and the control parameter respectively, in this case, is not only to improve the sensitivity of the watermark performance but also to avoid the false positive problem. The watermark image, afterwards, is extracted from the distorted images. The experiment results show the improved adaptive performance of the proposed scheme is in resistant to several types of attacks in comparison with the previous schemes; the adaptive performance refers to the adaptive parameter of the luminance masking functioned to improve the performance or robustness of an image from any attacks. 相似文献
7.
System Modularity has positive effects on software maintainability, reusability, and understandability. One factor that can affect system modularity is code tangling due to code clones. Code tangling can have serious cross-cutting effects on the source code and thereby affect maintainability and reusability of the code. In this research we have developed an algorithmic approach to convert code clones to aspects in order to improve modularity and aid maintainability. Firstly, we use an existing code-clone detection tool to identify code clones in a source code. Secondly, we design algorithms to convert the code clones into aspects and do aspect composition with the original source code. Thirdly, we implement a prototype based on the algorithms. Fourthly, we carry out a performance analysis on the aspects composed source code and our analysis shows that the aspect composed code performs as well as the original code and even better in terms of execution times. 相似文献
8.
王莹莹 《南通纺织职业技术学院学报》2010,10(3):49-53
日本于2009年正式在刑事审判中引入了陪审员制度。但是,陪审员制度的实施却招来了法律界人士和普通民众的反对。这主要是因为陪审员制度存在诸多问题,其实施可能会影响日本刑事法律制度的稳定,并带来新的不公平,同时也会增加民众的负担。因此,制定法律时,一定要考虑本国的实际情况,并做好充分的前期准备。 相似文献
9.
A flowchart‐based intelligent tutoring system for improving problem‐solving skills of novice programmers 下载免费PDF全文
D. Hooshyar R.B. Ahmad M. Yousefi F.D. Yusop S.‐J. Horng 《Journal of Computer Assisted Learning》2015,31(4):345-361
Intelligent tutoring and personalization are considered as the two most important factors in the research of learning systems and environments. An effective tool that can be used to improve problem‐solving ability is an Intelligent Tutoring System which is capable of mimicking a human tutor's actions in implementing a one‐to‐one personalized and adaptive teaching. In this paper, a novel Flowchart‐based Intelligent Tutoring System (FITS) is proposed benefiting from Bayesian networks for the process of decision making so as to aid students in problem‐solving activities and learning computer programming. FITS not only takes full advantage of Bayesian networks, but also benefits from a multi‐agent system using an automatic text‐to‐flowchart conversion approach for engaging novice programmers in flowchart development with the aim of improving their problem‐solving skills. In the end, in order to investigate the efficacy of FITS in problem‐solving ability acquisition, a quasi‐experimental design was adopted by this research. According to the results, students in the FITS group experienced better improvement in their problem‐solving abilities than those in the control group. Moreover, with regard to the improvement of a user's problem‐solving ability, FITS has shown to be considerably effective for students with different levels of prior knowledge, especially for those with a lower level of prior knowledge. 相似文献
10.
三维网络拓扑结构的水声传感器网络MAC协议 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
水声传感器网络Underwater Acoustic Sensor Network(UWASN)由于其广阔的应用前景,近年来逐渐被人们关注。然而由于水下环境的限制性,水声传感器网络具有其一些独特性。例如,与二维的陆地传感器网络不同,水声传感器网络是三维的。如今,现有的介质访问控制Medium Access Control(MAC)协议大多是针对二维无线传感网络,很少有基于三维水声传感器网络的 MAC 协议。针对水下三维网络,提出了基于三维网络拓扑结构的水声传感器网络 MAC 协议。该协议将网络中的节点生成树结构,并利用子节点与父节点之间的关系,通过动态节点算法实现三维动态的水声传感器网络。此外,详细分析了节点间的碰撞并有效解决各种碰撞,从而大大提高了信道利用率。通过仿真软件对比不同协议在同一网络拓扑中的实验结果,证实文中协议能够有效节约大量能源。 相似文献