预辐射接枝改性无纺布制备铯离子吸附材料

采用预辐射接枝聚合方法制备了4-羟基丁基丙烯酸酯缩水甘油醚(4HBAG)接枝的聚乙烯/聚丙烯(PE/PP)皮芯结构无纺布。用Na_2SO_3对接枝4HBAG的无纺布(PE/PP-g-4HBAG)进行开环反应,改性得到磺酸型吸附材料。在环氧基物质的量转化率52%时获得了磺酸基密度1.4 mmol/g的吸附材料。采用批次吸附和流动吸附对Cs~+的吸附性能进行研究。Cs~+的吸附等温线和吸附动力学表明,吸附过程遵循Langmuir等温线模型和准二级动力学模型。在1 000 SV/h高流速下,Cs~+的最大吸附容量为1.35 mmol/g。在pH=4~10时,吸附率稳定在90%左右,该值随pH值的增加而降低。在Cs~+初始浓度为1 mg/L和10 mg/L的溶液中研究了Na~+对Cs~+吸附率的影响,当Na~+浓度从0增加到20 mmol/L时,Cs~+的吸附率迅速降低。二价和三价金属离子Mg~(2+)、Ca~(2+)和Fe~(3+)对Cs~+吸附更具有阻碍作用。该磺酸型吸附材料在1 000 SV/h的高流速下能快速去除Cs~+。     

辐射接枝制备聚丙烯纤维基海水提铀吸附剂

采用电子束预辐射接枝法将丙烯腈和丙烯酸接枝于聚丙烯(Polypropylene,PP)纤维上,并探讨了吸收剂量和反应温度对接枝率的影响。随后通过偕胺肟化反应制备出含偕胺肟基和羧基的PP纤维吸附剂。红外光谱数据表明,丙烯腈和丙烯酸成功接枝到PP纤维上,偕胺肟化反应将腈基转化为偕胺肟基,同时对改性前后PP纤维的表面形貌和热性能进行了表征。厦门海域真实海水吸附性能测试结果表明,所制备的PP纤维吸附剂铀吸附容量最高可达到0.81 mg·g~(-1)(吸附时间为68 d),PP纤维吸附剂的铀吸附容量与其接枝率和偕胺肟基密度不呈正相关。     

Adsorption behavior of uranyl ions onto amino-type adsorbents prepared by radiation-induced graft copolymerization

Amino-type adsorbents(ATAs) were prepared by radiation-induced graft copolymerization of 4-hydroxybutyl acry late glycidyl ether(HB) onto a polyethylene-coated polypropylene(PE/PP) duplex fiber of a non-woven fabric,and modified with different amines of ethylenediamine(EDA),diethylenetriamine(DETA),triethylenetetramine(TETA) and diethylamine(DEA).The adsorption behavior of uranyl ions onto the ATAs was studied in batch experiments.The effects of the contact time,initial concentration of the ions,temperature,and pH value.The salinity were investigated along with the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherms.The kinetic experimental data followed the pseudo second-order kinetic model,and the adsorption isotherms correlated well with the Langmuir model.The ATAs showed good efficiency in adsorbing uranyl ions,with the best saturation adsorption capacity being 64.26 mg g~(-1) for ATA-DETA within 120 min.The temperature dependence of ATADETA was quite abnormal and the quickest behavior was obtained at 25 ℃.ATAs showed good adsorption capacity over a wide pH range of 4.0-8.5,and HCl could be used in the elution process.Salinity of the solution had great effect on the adsorption capacity,3.5%salinity resulted in a 55%loss of capacity from ATA-DETA.The selectivity of ATA-DETA showed an order of:UO_2~(2+)≈Fe~(3+) Zn~(2+) VO_3~- Co~(2+) Ni~(2+).     

偕胺肟基聚偏氟乙烯粉体对铀酰离子的吸附研究

通过批量吸附实验研究了辐射接枝技术制备的偕胺肟基聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF-g-PAO)粉体对低浓度铀酰离子的吸附行为,考察铀酰离子初始浓度、温度、pH值对吸附行为的影响。结果表明,PVDF-g-PAO粉体对低浓度铀酰离子的吸附较快,约180 min达动态平衡,吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Freundlich等温吸附模型,吸附反应是熵增加的吸热反应。体系pH值对铀酰离子吸附率影响表明,pH值在5?8范围内时,吸附率变化不大,偕胺肟基材料比较适合海水环境下的吸附,同时发现对材料上已吸附铀酰离子可用酸或碱溶液脱附。     

牛羊肉泡馍 西安地域饮食文化的结晶和瑰宝

牛羊肉泡馍作为秦地的名小吃,在陕西被称为"三秦第一碗""三秦一绝""天下第一碗"。牛羊肉泡馍以其料重味醇、汤鲜味浓、馍筋光滑、营养丰富、回味悠长,不但受陕西人的厚爱,也深受全国人的喜欢,连一些国外的名人到西安,也要品尝牛羊肉泡馍。牛羊肉泡馍同时也是陕西西安的党政要员招待外国友人、国家领导的首选和必备饮食。早在20世纪