管壳式换热器管束振动与防范

在化工厂中,管壳式换热器使用十分普遍,换热器管束振动是经常发生的。本文根据有关文献以及从事换热器设计方面的经验,着重从理论上探讨了在换热器设计中做到防范管束振动。文中根据“振动是由壳程流体所引起”这一理论提出防范管束振动主要受控于两个比值(旋涡分离频率f_s和紊流抖振频率f_(tb)分别与管子固有频率f_n的比值K_s与K_(tb))范围的观点。希望这一观点对于从事换热器设计的工程技术人员有所裨益。     

灭蝇胺及其代谢物三聚氰胺在大棚黄瓜上的残留降解动态

[方法]采用亲水作用色谱-串联质谱法研究了灭蝇胺及其代谢物三聚氰胺在大棚黄瓜上的残留降解动态,为大棚黄瓜中灭蝇胺的安全使用提供科学依据。[结果]50%灭蝇胺SP以田间推荐用量150 g a.i./hm2(对水600 kg/hm2)喷施1次后,灭蝇胺在大棚黄瓜上的残留量于药后5 d达到最大值,为0.230 mg/kg。以0.230 mg/kg为原始沉积量,灭蝇胺在大棚黄瓜上的残留降解动态符合一级动力学方程,半衰期为14.3 d。处理后28 d内,黄瓜样品中三聚氰胺的残留量一直在增加,但其残留量均低于灭蝇胺的残留量。在最后1次采样时(药后28 d),三聚氰胺和灭蝇胺的残留量趋于相同。[结论]以0.2 mg/kg为灭蝇胺在黄瓜上的最高残留限量,建议灭蝇胺在大棚黄瓜上的安全间隔期为7 d。     

反射式液晶显示的模拟计算(英文)

反射式液晶显示器因不需要背光源,有功耗小等优点.对于反射式彩色液晶显示器来说,其主要的问题是其反射的亮度低.光学干涉高反射膜有良好的反射特性.我们提出了采用光学高反射膜作彩色反射膜来制作彩色液晶显示器,并用计算机模拟的办法对其进行了研究.对膜的材料及视角优化也进行了讨论.     

茚虫威对环境生物的安全性评价

测定了农药茚虫威对蜜蜂、鹌鹑、斑马鱼、家蚕、欧洲玉米螟赤眼蜂5种环境生物的毒性,并作出了安全性评价。测定结果显示:茚虫威对蜜蜂、斑马鱼和家蚕的LC50值分别为3.54、0.374、0.449mg/L,属高毒农药;对雌、雄鹌鹑的LD50值分别为894、559mg/L,属低毒农药;对欧洲玉米螟赤眼蜂4个虫期安全系数均大于5,属低风险农药。田间使用时,必须严禁药液流入水域,以免造成对鱼的危害;必须远离桑园和蜜蜂活动区,以免造成对家蚕、蜜蜂的危害。     

战“疫”后的新商业开局

一场全民的“物理隔离”,也是一次突如其来的“心理疏离”,带来更加颗粒度的数字深化,也让实体行业更加发愁“找人”。变量其实自有脉络,突然提速或倒逼,是检阅也是警醒。未雨绸缪,该做的还是要晴天补瓦。市场对许多企业在这次疫情中展现出的主动创新的接受和包容度让人更确信——需求一直都在,只是要不断创新自己的场景。     

尼卡巴嗪残留量测定和安全性分析

用乙腈提取试样中的尼卡巴嗪，经碱性氧化铝层析柱纯化，用反相高效液相色谱仪，在波长340nm对尼卡巴嗪含量进行测定。结果表明，尼卡巴嗪回收率在80．9％-95．7％之间。研究还表明添加125mg／kg尼卡巴嗪的饲料饲喂鸡42天后，停药7天后鸡肝中尼卡巴嗪残留量有0．18mg／kg。     

MATLAB simulation of preparation of Sm-loaded extractant directly from HEH（EHP）

Computer simulation of the preparation process loading rare earth(RE)directly from acidic extractant and RE chloride was established using MATLAB software.The mechanism of the extraction reaction was assumed,and then an experiment was conducted to confirm the mechanism and the apparent equilibrium constant of the reaction was determined as well.Owing to the involvement of H+ ion in the reaction between acidic extractant and RE chloride,the computer simulation of the process was more complicated than that of the extraction only between different rare earths.In the present work,MATLAB software was therefore introduced to handle the resolution of the complicated processing equation,and the simulation was performed by varying some key parameters including feed composition and phase ratio,etc.Consequently this work presented a simple method to simulate the H+ ion involved countercurrent extraction process of rare earths and also provided the practical references for the relative process designing.     

Minimum amount of extracting solvent of AB/BC countercurrent extraction separation using organic feed

For an AB/BC countercurrent extraction separation using organic feed, the conditions to have minimum amount of ex- tracting solvent （Smin） and minimum amount of scrubbing agent solution （Wmin） were discussed, and the formulae of both Sroin and Wmin were deduced. It was shown that only when the ratio of flowrate of central component B leaving aqueous outlet to that leaving organic outlet took a certain optimal value, the AB/BC separation could have Smin as well as Wmin, and this optimal ratio was decided by the separation factors between the three components but independent of feed composition. Smin was only relative to the separation factor of A/C pair but regardless of the separation factors of other pairs as well as feed composition, whereas Wmin was determined by the separation factors between the components together with feed composition. Meanwhile it was also found that the organic stream out of feed stage was same composition as the initial organic feed when the separation system was given by the two minimum amounts and its steady state was achieved. Finally the results above were used to design a LuYb/YbTm separation case and the stage-wise compositions of each component in both the organic and the aqueous phase at steady state were given by computer simulation.     

农药毒死蜱和甲萘威对斑马鱼的联合毒性效应

[目的]探讨毒死蜱和甲萘威对斑马鱼的联合毒性效应以及斑马鱼体内对2种农药的敏感指标。[方法]采用半静态暴露法,测定2种农药对斑马鱼的单一及联合毒性;采用生化法测定2种农药单剂及复配剂对斑马鱼体内5种酶:ACh E、SOD、GST、CAT、AKP活性的毒性效应。[结果]急性毒性试验测得2种农药单剂对斑马鱼的毒性分别为高毒和低毒;2种农药复配剂的联合毒性试验结果显示在24、48、72、96 h相加指数均大于0;生化测定显示2种农药的单剂及复配剂对ACh E活性均表现出显著的抑制作用;对其他4种酶活性的影响无明显规律。[结论]2种农药对斑马鱼的联合毒性为协同作用;斑马鱼体内ACh E可作为评价2种农药污染水体环境的生物标志物。     

Adjacent stage impurity ratio in rare earth countercurrent extraction process

Impurity components decrease stage by stage in a cascade of rare earth (RE) extraction separation, and adjacent stage impurity ratio (ASIR) which is defined as the ratio of an impurity’s contents in the aqueous/organic phase of two adjacent stages can be used to evaluate the capacity of impurity removal for the two stages. On the basis of extraction equilibrium and mass balance, the ASIR in a two-component extraction separation was deducted and its simplified expressions were given for different process sections according to reasonable assumptions. The calculation simulation was then carried out to obtain the ASIR distribution in the cascade. The results showed that in both the extraction and scrubbing sections the ASIR principally increased with the decrease of the molar proportion of the impurity but along with a flat appearing in the purification zone located in the middle of the cascade. The ASIR intuitively exhibits the running status of RE extraction separation and purification, which could provide a theoretic guide for investigating the influence factors of RE extraction separation process in practical industry.