Physical, Chemical and Sensory Changes in Irradiated Fresh Pork Packaged in Modified Atmosphere

The effects of irradiation dose (0, 0.5 and 1.0 kGy), headspace oxygen (0, 10 and 20% O₂, balance nitrogen) and storage temperature (5, 15 and 25°C) on the physical, chemical and sensory changes in fresh pork were studied using factorial design experiments. Irradiation in the absence of oxygen extended the sensory shelf life of pork from 9 to 26 days at 5°C and from & lt; 2 to 2 days at 25°C. Oxygen in the package headspace combined with irradiation adversely affected physical, chemical and sensory characteristics of the end product.     

The impact of status and audio conferencing technology on business meetings

This field study examining the effects of organizational status and multimedia audio communications technology on communication patterns in business meetings confirms that high status group members verbally dominate discussions and have more control over the flow of the proceedings. However, it reveals a new and surprising finding: multimedia communications technology can in fact exaggerate status constraints in contrast to findings that there is no effect or an equalizing effect on status inequalities of text-based conferencing technology. It appears that in audio conferences, the lack of non-verbal cues that can aid turn-taking combined with (1) the participants' knowledge of the group's status hierarchy and (2) the tendency to compare oneself unfavourably to those of higher status, makes it more difficult for lower status individuals to contribute verbally to discussions than in face-to-face interactions. Such status constraints may have both positive and negative impacts on group communication effectiveness, these and implications for the design and implementation of multimedia communications technology are discussed.     

GENTRIFICATION AND THE RIGHT TO THE CITY: COMMUNITY CONFLICT AND CASINOS

Henri Lefebvre's right to the city concept is increasingly used to challenge the development prerogatives associated with neoliberal development. These challenges are more common as gentrification becomes a global urban strategy. This article is an empirical investigation that examines competing claims to community legitimacy and authenticity in a conflict over gentrification in a Philadelphia neighborhood. This conflict emerged in Fishtown when long‐time established residents went head to head with upper‐income gentrifiers over the location of a casino in the neighborhood. Place‐based identities and the temporal connection individuals had to Fishtown contributed to the differences in perspectives on the costs and benefits of the casino and on the legitimacy of long‐time residents versus newcomers to be representative voices on behalf of Fishtown. The findings illuminate problems in applying the right to the city to neighborhood struggles when communities are divided over what constitutes a benefit to the community. The right to the city may not be a universal claim, particularly within a neoliberal urban context.     

Calibration and modelling of MAESTRO 1 polarimetric SAR data of a forest area in Les Landes,France

Abstract. The results of an analysis of polarimetric P, Land C-band SAR data from the JPL AIRSAR of a forest area of maritime pine in Les Landes, southwest France, are described and discussed. The data were acquired in connection with the MAESTRO I Campaign organized by ESA and JRC/lspra. Cross-talk and channel imbalance distortions are removed in a calibration process using the SAR data itself and trihedral corner reflectors positioned at the scene. Two calibration methods have been implemented and compared: the iterative Klein algorithm and the non-iterative Quegan algorithm. Quegan's method shows the largest reduction of the cross-talk, and the most stable and easily interpreted results. Also, absolute calibration using the integral method has been performed. The results presented show that P band (and to some extent L band) is very sensitive to trunk biomass using single-polarization radar data, at least at the incidence angles in the range from 38° to 52°, whereas C band is less sensitive. Also, the cylinder model by Durden et al. of the baekseattering from a forest has been implemented and the results show good agreement with the SAR data. The dominant scattering mechanisms have been determined using the model at P and L bands.     

Yield loss of cottage cheese curd due to the formation of minor sludge: the beneficial effect of homogenization

The formation of sludge on the bottom of vats during cottage cheese manufacture was investigated. The sludge layer contained 4.23-8.11% of the casein originally present in the vat and was probably caused by agglutinins present in the skimmed milk. Homogenization of the skimmed milk before addition of starter reduced the agglutination of bacteria during the early stages of acid development and eliminated minor sludge formation. Curd yield was increased by up to 5% and average manufacturing time was reduced by 40 min following homogenization.     

RHEOLOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF STIRRED YOGHURT: VISCOMETRY

Rheological characteristics of stirred yoghurt, varying in dry matter content, fermentation temperature and composition of bacteria cultures, were evaluated using a Bohlin VOR Rheometer. Flow curves, covering the shear rate range 29–920 s⁻¹, generally indicated the presence of a yield point and pseudoplastic behaviour, but also Bingham plastic behaviour was observed for some of the specimens. Systematic variations in the profile of the flow curves were observed as a result of the applied manufacturing conditions. Flow curves exhibiting pseudoplastic behaviour with a yield stress could not, over this broad shear rate interval, be described satisfactorily by the often applied Casson or Herschel-Bulkley models, and consequently a new one, the QRS-model was introduced. This model contains three parameters and gave a significantly better fit, with R² values generally above 0.99.