Physicochemical Properties,Lipid Oxidation,and Fatty Acid Composition of Sausage Prepared with Meat of Young Nellore Bulls Fed a Diet with Lauric Acid

This study evaluates the quality of sausage obtained from the meat of Nellore cattle fed diets containing different levels (0, 5, 10, and 15 g per kg total DM) of lauric acid (C12:0) from palm kernel cake. A linear reduction (p ≤ 0.05) in lipid oxidation, as reflected by linear decreases in the lightness (L*), yellowness (b*), and saturation (C*) color parameters, is observed on days 7, 14, and 21 of maturation of sausage, and these decreases are accompanied by linear increases in the redness (a*) color and the linoleic (C18:2n–6) and linolenic (C18:3n–3) fatty acid contents. The inclusion of lauric acid in the diet induces linear reductions in the shear force and cooking loss and does not significantly affect various indices, including the centesimal composition, water activity, water holding capacity, composition of most fatty acids (FA), hypocholesterolemic‐to‐hypercholesterolemic FA ratio, atherogenicity, thrombogenicity, and desirable fatty acids. The use of dietary lauric acid from palm kernel cake is recommended at doses up to 15 g per kg because its presence reduces lipid oxidation and improves color parameters, softness, and linoleic and linolenic FA without affecting the FA composition of sausage from Nellore bull's meat. Practical applications : Sausages are products manufactured from chopped or ground meats packaged into animal casings. This product appeared in Brazil through the adaptation of traditional recipes brought by German and Italian immigrant families to weather conditions and the national palate. However, due to its production characteristics, sausage can become a product with lipid characteristics that are undesirable for human consumption. The inclusion of lauric acid (C12:0) in the animal diet might change the biohydrogenation process in the rumen, improve the quality of the deposited FA and reduce lipid oxidation in sausage manufactured from meat. The FA composition and physicochemical properties of sausage predict its acceptance by the consumer market. An optimal advantage would be achieved if these products can be used as not only preservatives but also functional ingredients with antioxidant properties and products for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases through atherogenic action.     

二种风格美丽成就冬季时尚风潮

漫长的冬季，如果缺少色彩绚丽、造型惊艳的珠宝，难免会让人觉得少了几分情趣，尽管在这个季节里充满了黑白灰。但多了些童话般的浪漫和特立独行的创意而那些特殊材质的夸张设计和充满几何图形的组合，让我们体味到久违的时尚[编者按]     

Bounding the Inefficiency of the Reliability-Based Continuous Network Design Problem Under Cost Recovery

Networks and Spatial Economics - This study defines the price of anarchy for general reliability-based transport network design problems, which is an indicator of inefficiency that reveals how much...     

Electrochemical Recycling of Benzoquinone in the Pd/Benzoquinone‐Catalyzed Heck‐Type Reactions from Arenes

Palladium(II ) acetate‐catalyzed Heck‐type reactions have been performed from the arene 1 and alkenes (n‐butyl acrylate, styrene) in acetic acid at room temperature, in the presence of a catalytic amount of benzoquinone or hydroquinone. The reactions have been made catalytic in benzoquinone [which is used to continuously oxidize the Pd(0) into to the active Pd(II) species able to activate the Ar H bond] by the electrochemical oxidation of hydroquinone, formed in the reaction, back to benzoquinone.     

Functionalized Hydrogels for Cartilage Repair: The Value of Secretome-Instructive Signaling

Cartilage repair has been a challenge in the medical field for many years. Although treatments that alleviate pain and injury are available, none can effectively regenerate the cartilage. Currently, regenerative medicine and tissue engineering are among the developed strategies to treat cartilage injury. The use of stem cells, associated or not with scaffolds, has shown potential in cartilage regeneration. However, it is currently known that the effect of stem cells occurs mainly through the secretion of paracrine factors that act on local cells. In this review, we will address the use of the secretome—a set of bioactive factors (soluble factors and extracellular vesicles) secreted by the cells—of mesenchymal stem cells as a treatment for cartilage regeneration. We will also discuss methodologies for priming the secretome to enhance the chondroregenerative potential. In addition, considering the difficulty of delivering therapies to the injured cartilage site, we will address works that use hydrogels functionalized with growth factors and secretome components. We aim to show that secretome-functionalized hydrogels can be an exciting approach to cell-free cartilage repair therapy.     

LC-DAD-MS/SPE-NMR hyphenation. A tool for the analysis of pharmaceutically used plant extracts: identification of isobaric iridoid glycoside regioisomers from Harpagophytum procumbens

LC-DAD-MS monitored fractionation of a Harpagophytum procumbens DC. (Pedaliaceae) root extract was combined with a hyphenated LC-DAD-MS/SPE-NMR technique, thus providing the spectral data needed for structure elucidation. This approach allowed the characterization of isobaric iridoid glycoside regioisomers present only as minor constituents. The analytes were identified as the (E/Z) pairs of 6'-O-(p-coumaroyl)harpagide (6'-PCHG) and 8-O-(p-coumaroyl)-harpagide (8-PCHG). The fact that 8-(Z)-PCHG constitutes a new natural product underlines the analytical power of this combined approach. Furthermore, derivatives 6'-(Z)- and 6'-(E)-PCHG are new constituents for H. procumbens.     

Chemical structure—normal force relationships in polymer glasses

In previous work, we found that the normal force responses in poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and poly(ethyl methacrylate) (PEMA) subjected to torsional deformations were strongly influenced by their prominent β-relaxation mechanisms which are related to the n-alkyl methacrylate side group motions. Using the concept of an elastic stress relaxing material we were able to extract the derivatives of the strain energy density function with respect to the first and second invariants of the deformation tensor (W₁ and W₂). In the present work, we report results from two materials, polysulfone (PSF) and polycarbonate (PC), with weak β-relaxations that are due to main chain motions. We find that for the two materials, the difference from neo-Hookean behavior is real though very small, contrary to the large deviations from neo-Hookean behavior observed for PMMA and PEMA. The results support the contention that the large normal force responses and the consequent strongly non neo-Hookean behavior of the glassy n-alkyl methacrylates is due to the side chain.     

An approach for sub-ontology evolution in a distributed health care enterprise

In response to the changing nature of health issues, standardized health ontologies such as SNOMED CT and UMLS incline to change more frequently than most other domain ontologies. Yet, semantic interoperability shared among institutions within a distributed health care enterprise relies heavily on the availability of a valid and up-to-date standardized ontology. In this paper, we propose the creation and preservation of sub-ontologies to deal with the frequent changes in health ontologies. Our approach focuses on the nature and characteristics of standard health ontologies, however it can also be applied to other domain ontologies with similar characteristics. Our sub-ontology evolution approach defines ways to create valid sub-ontologies for each specific health application, and to effectively develop a series of propagation mechanism when the main ontology changes. Our approach will (i) isolate the required change propagation to the relevant health applications that utilized the changing concepts only, and (ii) optimize the propagation mechanism to include the minimum number of operations only. Since a sub-ontology should be a valid ontology by itself, the change propagation approach used in this process should contain the rules to assure the validity of the produced sub-ontology while keeping the consistency of the sub-ontology to the evolved base ontology. A change identification process, which considers the nature of the health ontology change logs, is conducted to identify the semantics of the changes. From the evaluation, it is shown that the content of the evolved sub-ontologies produced using our approach is consistent to the evolved base ontology. Moreover, the propagation process can be performed more efficiently because the number of operations required for our change propagation method is lower than the number of operations required for direct re-extraction from the evolved base ontology.     

The business environment of the construction industry in Nigeria

The business environment of any industry consists of systems and structures, which determine the atmosphere under which all the business of that industry is transacted. They affect directly or indirectly all practitioners of that industry, without their being able to influence it. In a scientific investigation into the problems of the construction industry in Nigeria, out of the 47 variables identified that can adversely affect the construction industry, 37 variables were classified under the environment of the construction industry. Of the 18 variables considered to constitute the most serious problems, which occur all the time, 17 variables were related to the business environment of the construction industry. This paper reviews the research findings with respect to the business environment of the construction industry in Nigeria and discusses the implications of some of the findings.     

钢屋盖结构防火的性能化消防工程分析

因为建筑学上和构造上的原因,越来越多的建筑设计采用了钢结构。为了保证建筑结构构件的完整性,建筑规范提出了结构耐火性能的要求。但是,已规定的要求没有促进具有良好经济效益的设计,并且假定遵照规范是达到安全等级的唯一途径。本论文提出采用以性能设计为基础的消防工程理论方法来证明火灾中钢构件的性能。消防工程准则已发展至符合规范的要求,并能保证结构在火灾中的安全性能。本文采用一个游泳/跳水馆作为例子来讨论对钢屋顶结构进行耐火保护。本例的研究表明,游泳/跳水馆的钢屋顶结构可以不用耐火涂料,并且不会降低整个建筑的防火安全等级。