The difference in the modification effects of Li on two MgO samples of higher and lower Mn contents

Abstracts are not published in this journal     

Emulsifying Properties of Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane in Milk Fat Emulsion: Conditions for the Reconstitution of Milk Fat Globules

A procedure for the reconstitution of milk fat globules (MFG) stabilized with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) was developed. MFG was reconstituted by homogenizing a mixture of 1% MFGM and 25% milk fat at 45°C and at pH 7.0 for 1 min. The emulsifying properties of MFGM were evaluated by emulsifying activity (EA), emulsion stability (ES), whippability and foam stability. Of the variables affecting the reconstitution of MFG, prolonged homogenization decreased EA and ES. About 25% milk fat gave maximal EA and ES, increasing the MFGM concentration increased both EA and ES, which were also influenced by the pH level. Foam disappeared at >30°C.     

Physicochemical Properties of Milk Fat Emulsions Stabilized with Bovine Milk Fat Globule Membrane

Milk fat globules (MFG) were reconstituted with milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and milk fat (MF). Viscosity of the reconstituted MFG was highest at pH 5.0 and 4 min emulsifying, and rose with an increase of MFGM between 40–80 mg/g fat. Adsorbed protein/unit fat increased at acid pH with increase of MFGM. The composition of proteins adsorbed on the surface of MFG was not influenced by factors of reconstitution. The size and specific surface area of globules were influenced by emulsifying time, MFGM and MF concentrations, and pH. The size range of MFG prepared by standard method was 0.9–17 μm in diameter. Median diameter was 5 μm and specific surface area was 15,600 cm²/cm³ of emulsion.     

Preparation and characterization of ZrF4-BaF2-EuF3 planar glass films by electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

An electron cyclotron resonance plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition apparatus, which is suitable for producing planar fluoride glass films, was developed. A ZrF4-BaF2-EuF3 planar glass film was synthesized by using -diketonates of Zr, Ba and Eu as starting materials and NF3 as a fluorinating gas. A CaF2 single crystal plate and a fused quartz glass plate were employed as substrates. The planar glass film obtained was colorless and transparent. As an attempt a planar waveguide which has a ZrF4-BaF2/ZrF4-BaF2-EuF3/ZrF4-BaF2 sandwich structure was also formed on a CaF2 substrate. The planar glass film and the planar waveguide were characterized by using techniques such as XPS, X-ray diffraction, DTA, ellipsometry, IR absorption, Mössbauer spectroscopy and SEM.     

Oscillatory Compared with Continuous High Pressure Sterilization on Bacillus stearothermophilus Spores

TO ESTABLISH a sterilization method with minimal heating, the effect of high pressure on bacteriostasis was studied using thermoduric spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus. After exposure to 800 MPa for 60 min at 60°C, the spore count decreased from 10⁶ to 10²/mL. However, exposure to the same pressure at room temperature did not cause significant change in spore numbers. The synergistic effect of high pressurization on the bacteriostatic action of sucrose fatty acid ester at low concentration (< 10 ppm) was pronounced with sucrose palmitic acid ester but not with sucrose stearic acid ester. Oscillatory pressurization was more effective for spore sterilization. Six cycles oscillation of 5-min pressurization with 400 MPa at 70°C decreased the spore count from 10⁶ to 10²/mL, and with 600 MPa, complete sterilization was achieved.     

Permeability and Diffusivity of d-Limonene Vapor in Polymeric Sealant Films

The permeability (P) and Diffusivity (D) of d-limonene vapor in nine polymeric sealant films were measured and compared at a vapor concentration of 0.719 mg/L over the range 25–45°C. The sorption of d-limonene (q_s) was determined by a temperature programmed desorption (TPD) method. Equations to predict P and D for the different films were derived as a function of q_s or temperature (T_mp) of differential scanning calorimeter measured melting points (DSCmp) of the films. Results indicated a tendency of test films with smaller values of q_s and higher T_mp to have higher barriers against loss of d-limonene due to absorption.     

Simple Method for Separate Determination of Three Flavins in Bovine Milk by High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Milk, dialyzed milk and milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) (1.0g each) were boiled 3 min to inactivate pyrophosphatase. Release of flavins bound to milk proteins and deproteinization were performed simultaneously by Pronase digestion for 1 hr at 45°C. After centrifugation, the extracted flavins were analyzed by HPLC, using a C18 column at 40°C connected to a spectrofluorometer. Recovery of FAD, FMN and riboflavin was 97–99% from whole milk, 95–100% from dialyzed milk, and 99-100% from MFGM. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive and reproducible. Bovine milk contained 202 μg of total flavins per 100g milk, of which FAD was 13.8, FMN 4.3, and RF 81.9mol%(n=6).     

Symbolic manipulation CAD of control engineering by using REDUCE

Computer aided design (CAD) is an indispensable tool for control engineering. Recently various CAD systems have been developed by using numerical computation languages, but these are not capable of treating symbolic computation. However, control theories provide many symbolic computation algorithms. This study develops a new CAD system which can perform symbolic manipulation, based on REDUCE 3.2. It is shown that this CAD system can be applied to wider problems than the conventional ones, by means of two examples.     

Application of High Pressure for Spore Inactivation and Protein Denaturation

Our objective was to develop a method of sterilizing Bucillur stearothermophilus spores with minimal heating. Inactivation was achieved by spore destruction through six cycles of oscillatory pressurization at 70°C and 600 MPa, but inactivation was not complete within 60-min with continuous pressurization. Four pressurization cycles at 600 MPa and 5 min/cycle decreased the spore count from 10⁶ to 10²/mL, and six cycles decreased the count from 10⁶ to <10⁰. Spore inactivation was dependent on the adiabatic expansion velocity. On the other hand, protein denaturation by high pressures was due to phase changes of water under high pressure, and was not affected by adiabatic expansion velocity.