RIGHT TO THE SUBURB? RETHINKING LEFEBVRE AND IMMIGRANT ACTIVISM

ABSTRACT: In the face of increasing migration by Latinos to suburbs and multi‐scalar policies criminalizing immigrants, municipalities are increasingly confronting the question, Who has the Right to the Suburb? We seek to better understand how the tensions between suburbanites and Latino immigrants are addressed by municipal governments as immigration enforcement is increasingly rescaled to the local level. Case studies of Maywood and Costa Mesa in Southern California suggest responses are by no means similar and can actually be contrasting, given the city's historical trajectories, socio‐economic status, political leadership, and networks of activists. Suburban struggles are often assumed to be conservative and as a result are undertheorized as sites of liberatory struggle. While the urban realm remains the most visible stage of social movements, this paper suggests immigrant activism is increasingly being generated in suburbs, election‐based organizing can be an effective gateway to municipal level change, and seeking to expand or constrict the Right to the City necessarily entails multi‐scalar efforts.     

Life-course Experience and Housing Quality

This paper reports the extent to which the effects of such life-course experiences as partnership formation, the transition to parenthood, divorce and unemployment on housing quality persist over the life course. Using retrospective survey data for the Netherlands and ordered logit analysis, the effects on housing quality of life-course experiences, their timing, and their persistence over the life-course were estimated. Housing quality was measured by a 4-category variable based on tenure and the size of a dwelling. The results indicate that several lifecourse experiences have a lasting effect on housing quality, although most effects become weaker with increasing age or duration since the experience.     

超声波处理对减压渣油分子结构的影响

为提高渣油的质量,对渣油进行了超声波处理,其输出功率为800W,温度为70°C,间隔为0到11分钟。实验表明,超声波处理7min后,黏度和残炭率分别降低14.1%和7.4%。饱和分含量增加,芳烃、胶质和沥青质含量下降。用FT-IR、1H-NMR等手段对平均分子结构参数进行了表征,而超声处理时间长达7分钟,渣油参数的变化也越来越大。超声波处理产生的机械搅拌和空化作用引起减压渣油分子的一系列变化。微观变化影响了平均分子结构的参数,这通常在SARA分数中显示出来。采用热重法分析了超声波处理后减压渣油热反应特性的变化。随着超声波处理时间的增加,热解所需的表观活化能逐渐降低,温度也随之降低。     

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF AN IMMERSION FRIED POTATO STARCH-GLUTEN GEL DURING POSTFRYING PERIOD

Moisture profiles in fried samples of potato starch with different gluten contents were determined during postfrying storage. Over time, moisture migrated from the core to the crust of the sample, and the moisture content of the crust region increased. The addition of gluten caused a significant increase in oil uptake in the crust. The initial hardness of the crust significantly decreased as the gluten content increased to 10 and 30%, during the first 30 min of storage. With longer storage time (> 240 min), the crust hardness tended to increase, due to an increase in firmness of the starch sample. This behavior was less pronounced for samples with 10 and 30% gluten. The range of linear viscoelastic behavior (up to 14% strain) was determined from the initial linear zone of the stress-strain curves. Stress relaxation tests were performed in the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic regions, with a strain level of 5% and 40%, respectively. According to stress relaxation curves, samples became less elastic with the addition of gluten and more elastic with the time of storage.     

COLD-CONDITIONING TREATMENT REDUCES CHILLING INJURY IN MEXICAN LIMES (CITRUS AURANTIFOLIA S.) STORED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES

Induction of different antioxidant enzymes by high and low temperatures prior to storage has been reported to produce tolerance to chilling injury (CI). Thus, different prestorage temperatures have been suggested to decrease CI in citrus fruits. In this work, the effectiveness of a cold‐conditioning treatment (13C for 48 h) to prevent CI was evaluated in Mexican limes (Citrus aurantifolia S.) stored at 4, 10 and 25C, and 90% relative humidity. Cold conditioning reduced 1.6‐fold CI symptoms, induced a significant increase of 2.2‐fold peroxidase activity and maintained the activity of superoxide dismutase in limes kept at 4C. Our results suggest that the effectiveness of the cold‐conditioning treatment in increasing chilling tolerance in Mexican limes depends on the induction or maintenance of antioxidant enzymatic systems during the entire storage period.     

The Housing Consequences of Living Arrangement Choices in Young Adulthood

This paper documents the consequences of the first living arrangements of young adults after leaving the parental home (without a partner, cohabiting, or married) for their housing situation, whether they rent independently, share accommodation, or own their own homes, both immediately after leaving home and in the first eight years after leaving. Data are analysed from two retrospective life-course surveys conducted in the Netherlands in the 1990s, using multinomial logistic regression models. The paper finds a strong influence of the timing and pathway of leaving on the housing situation immediately after leaving: those nest-leavers who make stronger commitments in their household careers (by cohabiting, or by marrying) are more likely to own a home and less likely to share. Although through the years after leaving home this influence decreases, it remains discernible and significant even eight years after leaving. This is remarkable, given the fluidity of the housing careers of nest-leavers.     

USE of PHYTOGLYCOGEN EXTRACTED FROM CORN to INCREASE the BOWL-LIFE of BREAKFAST CEREAL

Phytoglycogen was extracted from frozen corn using water and ethanol. the phytoglycogen powder was dissolved in distilled water, sprayed onto ready‐to‐eat breakfast cereal, and dried. the coated cereal was soaked in milk for three minutes and compared to control samples. the coated cereal showed a significant improvement in texture over control samples after soaking in milk. Peak force for control samples dropped by almost 40% after soaking, while the peak force for samples coated with phytoglycogen dropped by less than 20%. Coated samples were also found to absorb less milk than did uncoated samples. Therefore, use of a corn phytoglycogen coating could potentially be used to increase the bowl‐life of some breakfast cereals.     

Implementation and applications of multivalued decoders

A synthesis procedure is described for multivalued threshold decoders and their application to the implementation of multivalued functions. This method is based on the definition of inversion and extreme functions. Decoders are obtained using only the very simple blocks which synthesize inversion functions. This general design procedure may be used for any integrated circuit technology. As an example, the method is applied to the synthesis of an integrated CMOS quaternary decoder. Both the layout and the timing of the integrated circuit, and their application to the synthesis of multivalued functions and multistable memory elements, are shown.     

A NEW APPROACH TO CORRELATE TEXTURAL AND COOKING PARAMETERS WITH OPERATING CONDITIONS DURING DOUBLE-SIDED COOKING OF MEAT PATTIES

Cooking and textural parameters during double-sided cooking of hamburger patties were correlated with volume-averaged temperature at the end of the cooking process and gap thickness between plates. Frozen patties were cooked in a clamshell grill set at different plate surface temperatures (177C; 191C; 204C; 218C), for different gap thicknesses (9.65 mm; 10.55 mm; 10.55 mm; 11.05 mm) for 120 s. A decrease in the gap thickness and an increase in the plate surface temperature resulted in an increase in the cooking loss values (24–36%) and in a decrease of press juice values (8–25%). The values of peak load (183–215 N), modulus (16–19 N/mm), work needed in shearing (2300–2800 Nmm), hardness (25–32 N), cohesiveness (0.76–0.83), and chewiness (107–152 Nmm) of the patties increased when the gap thickness decreased and the plate surface temperature increased. There was no effect of the variables studied on springiness. The correlation equations involving the operating variables and quality parameters obtained are simple and useful in developing optimal process conditions.