SURVIVAL OF VIBRIO VULNIFICUS AT REDUCED TEMPERATURES AND ELEVATED NUTRIENT

Studies were conducted on the survival of the human bacterial pathogen, Vibrio vulnificus, in heart infusion broth held at 5, 10 and 15°C. Culturability was monitored by plate counts on heart infusion agar, and viability by examination of electron transport activity. Whereas V. vulnificus demonstrated growth at 15°C, a rapid loss of culturability for cells held at the lower temperatures was observed. At all temperatures, however, a significant portion of the population was found to remain viable over the 28 day study period. The ability of V. vulnificus cells to metabolize exogenously supplied nutrient at reduced temperatures was also examined as an indicator of viability. Cells were able to rapidly take up and respire mixed amino acids at 9 and 13°C, whereas cells incubated at 2°C showed relatively little metabolism of the labeled substrates. Like the growth and viability study, the radiotracer study indicates survival of V. vulnificus at reduced temperatures, although with reduced rates of activity. The possible implications of these findings for the transport and storage of shellfish is discussed.     

建筑废弃物再生工艺及在路基中的应用研究

在香港,所有建筑废弃物必须统一回收、分离与利用。小于50 mm的物料主要用于填土(因为含泥量高);大于50 mm的物料经破碎后,可用于道路路基工程、制砖材料,甚至混凝土结构工程;分离出来的塑料板、纤维板、木屑、纸片等废弃物则必须进行掩埋。利用破碎粘土砖取代一定量的再生混凝土集料,可配制道路基层的混合料,其级配、强度(或CBR值)均满足道路基层材料的要求。     

Use of Bicarbonates for Microbial Control and Improved Water-Binding Capacity in Cod Fillets

Dipping cod fillets in ammonium or sodium bicarbonate solutions markedly reduced microbial growth compared to untreated samples after 8 days at 4°C. Total plate counts, proteolytic bacteria and H₂S-producing bacteria were inhibited. Mixing ammonium- and sodium bicarbonates at selected ratios maintained the preservative effect while reducing the ammonia odor. The treated fish had improved texture and moisture retention by both objective and subjective testing but had significantly lower aroma and overall acceptability scores from sensory evaluation.     

Emulsion Stability Studies of Myosin and Exhaustively Washed Muscle from Adult Chicken Breast Muscle

An exhaustively washed chicken breast muscle fraction formed a stable emulsion despite the absence of any soluble material. Measurements of the oil droplet size suggested that about 1 mg of myosin was available per square meter of oil droplet surface. This was less than the amount required to fully cover the surface of the oil droplets and suggested that the classical emulsification theory did not hold for meat “emulsion” products. The formation of a matrix (gel) in the aqueous phase might be a significant contributor towards stabilizing meat sausage-type products.     

Quality Control of Recycled Aggregates Derived from Construction and Demolition Wastes

In 2007, over 24 million tons of Construction and Demolition (C&D) wastes were generated in Hong Kong. Since the local landfills will be saturated in about 6 years, it is important to find a viable way to reuse these waste materials as to alleviate the demand on public fill capacity. In order to tackle the problem, the Hong Kong government has set up a temporary recycling facility in Hong Kong in 2002 for producing different sizes of recycled aggregate for use in various construction materials. The Hong Kong Polytechnic University has been studying the feasible use of recycled aggregates in Hong Kong for a number of years. A substantial amount of experimental results on the properties of recycled aggregates and the effect of recycled aggregates on the properties of concrete and other construction products (e.g. concrete blocks and granular subbase) has been published. In this paper, the experience of Hong Kong in using recycled aggregates are summarized and a set of quality control guidelines proposed for governing the use of recycled aggregates in Hong Kong is introduced. The experience and guidelines may also be useful for the recycling of waste materials derived from the recent Sichuan earthquake in China.     

香港建筑废物再生骨料混凝土的研究进展

减少,回收和再利用各种废物是当今世界可持续发展的战略之一.香港的建筑工业每天都要产生大量的建筑废物,处理和管理这些建筑废物已经成为严重的社会问题和环境问题.随着经济的快速增长,国内的一些大城市中建筑废物的处理和管理同样成为主要的环境和社会问题之一.回收和再利用建筑废物,不仅可以节约处理建筑废物的土地,减少管理和处理建筑废物的成本,而且可以节约大量的自然资源.香港政府已经建立了回收和筛选建筑废物的设施.香港理工大学在回收和再利用建筑废物领域开展了近十年的研究工作,取得了一定的成果并向香港政府推荐了再生骨料回收再利用的规范.笔者介绍香港理工大学在研究建筑废物再生骨料混凝土方面取得的成果,包括建筑废物再生骨料环保砖、粉煤灰再生骨料混凝土、蒸汽养护再生骨料混凝土等.并介绍再生骨料混凝土在香港湿地公园的应用情况.这些技术成果将对回收和利用建筑废物起到促进作用.     

重金属在废弃粉煤灰-水泥固化体系内的迁移

采用径向动态浸出实验（rDLT）研究了含废弃粉煤灰-水泥固化朋急定样品内部重金属铅、铜、锌的氢氧化物的迁移行为，发现重金属在酸溶液作用下虽然会从样品内部向外迁移，但不同重金属的迁移规律各不相同。其中铅会在靠近固液界面的区域富集而不会及时进入外界浸出液，铜的富集区域远大于铅，锌基本不会富集而被直接浸出。在固化／稳定体系中添加Ca（OH）2可以有效阻碍锌的浸出。     

高温条件下混凝土爆裂机理研究进展

对高温条件下混凝土爆裂的研究进行了全面综述,总结了混凝土爆裂发生的影响因素、成因机理及实验和理论研究的进展状况.提出了热开裂和孔隙水(汽)压力的耦合作用是产生混凝土爆裂和不确定性的主要原因.温升诱致混凝土爆裂是一个复杂的非线性问题,建立一个兼顾材料科学和力学的理论体系是全面理解混凝土温升爆裂的根本途径.     

ANTIMICROBIAL PROPERTIES OF LAURICIDIN IN MECHANICALLY DEBONED CHICKEN, MINCED FISH AND CHICKEN SAUSAGE

Aerobic plate counts on Plate Count Agar at 25°C were used to determine the time required to reach a microbial spoilage level of 1.0 × 10⁷ C.F.U./g, for mechanically deboned chicken meat, minced fish and chicken sausage stored at 2°C. The storage times were 5, 8 and 9 days, respectively. Addition of citric acid (0.2%), ascorbic acid (0.2%) or lauricidin (250 ppm) alone extended the shelf-life by 0–2 days. The combination of lauricidin and citric acid or lauricidin and ascorbic acid extended the time required to reach a microbial spoilage level for mechanically deboned chicken meat by as much as 7 days, minced fish by as much 4 days and chicken sausage by 8 days.     

BEHAVIOR THERAPY WITH CHILDREN: A REVIEW AND EVALUATION OF RESEARCH METHODOLOGY.

PAPERS ARE CLASSIFIED IN TERMS OF THE THERAPIST'S GOALS IN TREATMENT INCLUDING: (1) DECELERATION OF MALADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR, (2) ACCELERATION OF PROSOCIAL BEHAVIOR, AND (3) COMBINED PROMOTION OF ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR AND CONTROL OF PROBLEMATIC BEHAVIOR. ALTHOUGH A NUMBER OF THE STUDIES REVIEWED CONVINCINGLY DEMONSTRATE THE EFFICACY OF BEHAVIORISTIC TREATMENT APPROACHES, THE MAJORITY WERE INADEQUATELY CONTROLLED AND INCOMPLETELY RECORDED CASE STUDIES. IT IS SUGGESTED THAT WHEN INDIVIDUAL SS ARE USED FOR THERAPY-EVALUATION STUDIES, E SHOULD PROVIDE: (1) ADEQUATE BASE-LINE MEASURES OF THE TARGET BEHAVIOR, (2) SYSTEMATIC VARIATION OF REINFORCEMENT CONTINGENCIES OR OTHER PROCEDURES DEMONSTRATING CONTROL OF S'S BEHAVIOR, (3) EVIDENCE THAT BEHAVIOR OBSERVATIONS ARE UNBIASED, AND (4) RIGOROUS FOLLOW-UP EVALUATIONS. (3 P. REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)