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When children play, they often do so in very original ways. However, with the responsibilities of adulthood, this playful curiosity is sometimes lost and conventional responses often result. In the present study, 76 undergraduates were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 conditions before creative performance was assessed in a version of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT; E. P. Torrance, 1974). In a control condition, participants wrote about what they would do if school was cancelled for the day. In an experimental condition, the instructions were identical except that participants were to imagine themselves as 7-year-olds in this situation. Individuals imagining themselves as children subsequently produced more original responses on the TTCT. Further results showed that the manipulation was particularly effective among more introverted individuals, who are typically less spontaneous and more inhibited in their daily lives. The results thus establish that there is a benefit in thinking like a child to subsequent creative originality, particularly among introverted individuals. The discussion links the findings to mindset factors, play and spontaneity, and relevant personality processes. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) 相似文献
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Some aspects of the ESA space program EMERALD are presented. A problem of the film type condensation on curvilinear fin is considered with taking into account the essential influence of the capillary forces and non uniform temperature of the fin. Disjoining pressure effect on condensate film flow is studied numerically, because of very thin film of condensate on the fin tip. Value of the groove flooding depth changes significantly the condensate outflow from the condenser. Calculations for water condensation predict a very high value of the heat transfer coefficient, more than 50 kW/m2K, on a quite important part of the surface area and confirm the idea of proposed condenser and Double Capillary Pumped Loop. 相似文献
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Tatyana V. Laurinavichene Darya N. Tekucheva Kestutis S. Laurinavichius Maria L. Ghirardi Michael Seibert Anatoly A. Tsygankov 《International Journal of Hydrogen Energy》2008
In this study, the H2-photoproduction capacity of Rhodobacter capsulatus B10 was measured as a function of variations in the nature and concentration of volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and other products of dark fermentation. When an equimolar mixture of VFAs was provided, C4 substrates (butyrate and isobutyrate) were not consumed until the C2–C3 substrates (acetate, propionate, and lactate) became unavailable, but in order for the cells to produce H2 at high rates they could not be exposed to severe growth substrate depletion. Among other possible fermentation products, the highest inhibition was observed by the addition of butanol (50% inhibition at 50 mM). The influence of high concentrations of VFAs, phosphate (used to stabilize the pH during dark fermentation) and some heavy metals (known inhibitors of methanogenesis) was also shown. Based on the results, the conditions of fermentation can be manipulated to avoid the inhibition of subsequent H2 photoproduction by photosynthetic bacteria. 相似文献
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Seven zooxanthellae-free species of octocorals (the genera Acanthogorgia, Acabaria, Chironephthya, Echinogorgia, Menella, Ellisella, and Bebryce) and two zooxanthellate octocorals (the genera Paralemnalia and Rumphella) were examined to elucidate their fatty acid (FA) composition. Arachidonic (about 40% of the total FA) and palmitic acids
were predominant in all the species studied. Seven furan FA (F-acids) (up to 9.7%) were identified in the azooxanthellate
octocorals. The main F-acids were 14,17-epoxy-15-methyldocosa-14,16-dienoic and 14,17-epoxy-15,16-dimethyldocosa-14,16-dienoic
acids. In all specimens of Bebryce studeri, C25–28 demospongic FA (about 20%) were identified. These FA reflect the presence of a symbiotic sponge in B. studeri and can be used as the specific markers for other corals. A significant difference (P < 0.01) between azooxanthellate and zooxanthellate corals was found for odd-chain and methyl-branched saturated FA, 18:1n-7,
and 7-Me-16:1n-10; that indicated the presence of an advanced bacterial community in azooxanthellate corals. The zooxanthellate
species were distinguished by significant amounts of 18:3n-6, 18:4n-3, and 16:2n-7 acids, which are proposed as the markers
of zooxanthellae in soft corals. Contrary to the normal level of 24:5n-6 (9.4%) and 22:4n-6 (0.6%), unexpected low concentrations
of 24:5n-6 (0.4%) accompanied by a high content of 22:4n-6 (up to 11.9%) were detected in some specimens. The presence of
an unknown factor in octocorals, specific for n-6 PUFA, which inhibited elongation of 22:4n-6 to 24:4n-6, is conjectured. 相似文献
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Darya Rudomilova Tomáš Prošek Pavel Salvetr Anna Knaislová Pavel Novák Roman Kodým Gabriela Schimo-Aichhorn Andreas Muhr Hubert Duchaczek Gerald Luckeneder 《工业材料与腐蚀》2020,71(6):909-917
Hydrogen diffusivity and trapping have been studied in two advanced high strength steel grades and model samples using electrochemical permeation test. Microstructures of CP1000 and DP1000 steels consist of ferrite, martensite and a small fraction of retained austenite. In addition, bainite is present in CP1000. Model phases with predominance of a particular phase have been prepared by specific heat treatment. DP1000 has shown the lowest diffusivity among all materials, while ferritic model sample has shown the highest. Differences in hydrogen diffusion coefficient values are linked to trapping microstructural characteristics and grain size. 相似文献
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Natalia A. Shnayder Victoria B. Sharavii Marina M. Petrova Polina V. Moskaleva Elena A. Pozhilenkova Darya S. Kaskaeva Olga. V. Tutynina Tatiana E. Popova Natalia P. Garganeeva Regina F. Nasyrova 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(16)
Chronic headache is a topical problem of neurology, psychiatry and general practice. The medication-overuse headache (MOH) is one of the leading pathologies in the structure of chronic headache. However, early diagnosis of the MOH is challenging. We analyzed potential proteomic biomarkers of serum and urine in patients with MOH. Methods: We searched PubMed, Springer, Scopus, Web of Science, ClinicalKey, and Google Scholar databases for English publications over the past 10 years using keywords and their combinations. Results: We found and analyzed seven studies that met the search criteria for the purpose of the review, including 24 serum proteomic biomarkers and 25 urine proteomic biomarkers of MOH. Moreover, the candidate genes and locus of the studied serum (vitamin D-binding protein, lipocalin-type prostaglandin D2 synthase, apolipoprotein E, etc.) and urine proteomic biomarkers (uromodulin, alpha-1-microglobulin, zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein, etc.) of MOH are presented in this review. Conclusions: The serum and urine proteomic biomarkers of MOH can potentially help with the identification of patients with MOH development. Due to the relevance of the problem, the authors believe that further investigation of the MOH proteomic biomarkers in different ethnic and racial groups of patients with primary headache is necessary. In addition, it is important to investigate whether medications of different drug classes influence the levels of serum and urine proteomic biomarkers. 相似文献
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Alena S. Tsvetkova Olesya G. Bernikova Natalya J. Mikhaleva Darya S. Khramova Alexey O. Ovechkin Marina M. Demidova Pyotr G. Platonov Jan E. Azarov 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
Antiarrhythmic effects of melatonin have been demonstrated ex vivo and in rodent models, but its action in a clinically relevant large mammalian model remains largely unknown. Objectives of the present study were to evaluate electrophysiological and antiarrhythmic effects of melatonin in a porcine model of acute myocardial infarction. Myocardial ischemia was induced by 40-min coronary occlusion in 25 anesthetized pigs. After ischemia onset, 12 animals received melatonin (4 mg/kg). 48 intramyocardial electrograms were recorded from left ventricular wall and interventricular septum (IVS). In each lead, activation time (AT) and repolarization time (RT) were determined. During ischemia, ATs and dispersion of repolarization (DOR = RTmax − RTmin) increased reaching maximal values by 3–5 and 20–25 min, respectively. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) incidence demonstrated no relations to redox state markers and was associated with increased DOR and delayed ATs (specifically, in an IVS base, an area adjacent to the ischemic zone) (p = 0.031). Melatonin prevented AT increase in the IVS base, (p < 0.001) precluding development of early VF (1–5 min, p = 0.016). VF occurrence in the delayed phase (17–40 min) where DOR was maximal was not modified by melatonin. Thus, melatonin-related enhancement of activation prevented development of early VF in the myocardial infarction model. 相似文献
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Darya S. Novopashina Mariya A. Vorobyeva Alexander A. Lomzov Vladimir N. Silnikov Alya G. Venyaminova 《International journal of molecular sciences》2021,22(1)
Oligonucleotide conjugates with boron clusters have found applications in different fields of molecular biology, biotechnology, and biomedicine as potential agents for boron neutron capture therapy, siRNA components, and antisense agents. Particularly, the closo-dodecaborate anion represents a high-boron-containing residue with remarkable chemical stability and low toxicity, and is suitable for the engineering of different constructs for biomedicine and molecular biology. In the present work, we synthesized novel oligonucleotide conjugates of closo-dodecaborate attached to the 5′-, 3′-, or both terminal positions of DNA, RNA, 2′-O-Me RNA, and 2′-F-Py RNA oligomers. For their synthesis, we employed click reaction with the azido derivative of closo-dodecaborate. The key physicochemical characteristics of the conjugates have been investigated using high-performance liquid chromatography, gel electrophoresis, UV thermal melting, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Incorporation of closo-dodecaborate residues at the 3′-end of all oligomers stabilized their complementary complexes, whereas analogous 5′-modification decreased duplex stability. Two boron clusters attached to the opposite ends of the oligomer only slightly influence the stability of complementary complexes of RNA oligonucleotide and its 2′-O-methyl and 2′-fluoro analogs. On the contrary, the same modification of DNA oligonucleotides significantly destabilized the DNA/DNA duplex but gave a strong stabilization of the duplex with an RNA target. According to circular dichroism spectroscopy results, two terminal closo-dodecaborate residues cause a prominent structural rearrangement of complementary complexes with a substantial shift from the B-form to the A-form of the double helix. The revealed changes of key characteristics of oligonucleotides caused by incorporation of terminal boron clusters, such as the increase of hydrophobicity, change of duplex stability, and prominent structural changes for DNA conjugates, should be taken into account for the development of antisense oligonucleotides, siRNAs, or aptamers bearing boron clusters. These features may also be used for engineering of developing NA constructs with pre-defined properties. 相似文献