Logical Geometries and Information in the Square of Oppositions

The Aristotelian square of oppositions is a well-known diagram in logic and linguistics. In recent years, several extensions of the square have been discovered. However, these extensions have failed to become as widely known as the square. In this paper we argue that there is indeed a fundamental difference between the square and its extensions, viz., a difference in informativity. To do this, we distinguish between concrete Aristotelian diagrams (such as the square) and, on a more abstract level, the Aristotelian geometry (a set of logical relations). We then introduce two new logical geometries (and their corresponding diagrams), and develop a formal, well-motivated account of their informativity. This enables us to show that the square is strictly more informative than many of the more complex diagrams.     

Van de Wiele:采用700 d/m的筘齿密度织造地毯

Van de Wiele公司推出了一种具有革命性意义的双面起绒新工艺:使用3剑杆,采用700 d/m的筘齿密度和8种绒面颜色设计的工艺条件织制出织物组织为1/2 V固结的起绒地毯.     

BK Polyomavirus bkv-miR-B1-5p: A Stable Micro-RNA to Monitor Active Viral Replication after Kidney Transplantation

Background: Bkv-miR-B1-5p is a viral micro-RNA (miRNA) specifically produced during BK polyomavirus (BKPyV) replication. Recent studies have suggested using bkv-miR-B1-5p as a biomarker to monitor viral infection and predict complications in kidney transplant patients. To identify the technical limitations of this miRNA quantification in biological samples, knowledge of its stability and distribution in the extracellular compartment is necessary. Moreover, a proof of concept for using bkv-miR-B1-5p as a biomarker of active replication in chronic infection is still missing in the published literature. Methods: The stability of bkv-miR-B1-5p was evaluated in samples derived from cell cultures and in urine from BKPyV-infected kidney transplant recipients. The miRNA was quantified in different fractions of the extracellular compartment, including exosomes, and protein binding was evaluated. Finally, we developed an in vitro model for chronic culture of BKPyV clinical isolates to observe changes in the bkv-miR-B1-5p level during persistent infections. Results: Bkv-miR-B1-5p is a stable biomarker in samples from humans and in vitro experiments. Marginally associated with the exosomes, most of the circulating bkv-miR-B1-5p is bound to proteins, especially Ago2, so the miRNA quantification does not require specific exosome isolation. The bkv-miR-B1-5p level is predictable of viral infectivity, which makes it a potential specific biomarker of active BKPyV replication after kidney transplantation.     

织造毛圈地毯的新型织机

比利时ＭｉｃｈｅｌＶａｎｄｅＷｉｅｌｅ生产的毛圈地毯织机是为高速织造毛圈地毯而研制的。这种机器可以生产长毛圈、短毛圈或高低效应(浮雕式地毯 )的地毯 ,如果配备电子提花机构 ,还能够织出公司的名字及标志。ＣＬＰ81织机织出的地毯可用作拼块地毯和满铺地毯 (配套地毯料 ) ,一个新的应用场合是飞机用地毯。ＣＬＰ81是双剑杆织机 ,机器的原型是双层绒头织机ＣＲＴ82 ,这种机器经过改进已能织造毛圈地毯。由于原来的机器很结实 ,所以ＣＰＬ81非常适合织造高质量地毯。图 1是最普遍的组织结构(1/ 2Ｖ形固接 ,织入背面 )。下面的剑杆用作…     

Acute poisoning with amphetamines (MDEA) and heroin: antagonistic effects between the two drugs

BACKGROUND: While pelvic arterial insufficiency, either acute or chronic, results in stereotypic clinical findings which may readily be reversed by indirect techniques of revascularization, few reports document the indications for, techniques of, and results following direct pelvic revascularization by reconstruction of the hypogastric artery. METHODS: Retrospective review of 8 patients with symptomatic pelvic arterial insufficiency undergoing direct hypogastric artery reconstruction during the period from 1984 to 1995. RESULTS: Eight patients underwent unilateral hypogastric artery reconstruction by bypass graft (3 patients) or endarterectomy and patch angioplasty (5 patients). One patient had immediate symptomatic relief of his symptoms, but was lost to follow-up after 1 month. One patient manifested no symptomatic improvement despite a technically successful operation. The remaining 6 patients experienced significant symptomatic relief that has persisted during follow-up from 3 months to 11 years postoperatively. Among 4 men in whom erectile impotence comprised one of the indications for intervention, 3 reported sustained restoration of sexual function. CONCLUSION: In properly selected patients, direct pelvic revascularization by hypogastric artery reconstruction may predictably and durably relieve symptoms of pelvic arterial insufficiency.     

Reduction of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus stearothermophilus and Streptococcus faecalis in meat batters by temperature-high hydrostatic pressure pasteurization

People have a growing preference for fresh, healthy, palatable and nutritious meals and drinks. However, as food deterioration is a constant threat along the entire food chain, food preservation remains as necessary now as in the past. High pressure processing is one of the emerging technologies being studied as an alternative to the classical pasteurization and sterilization treatments of food. Samples of fried minced pork meat were inoculated with strains of Streptococcus faecalis and with sporulating microorganisms like Bacillus subtilis and stearothermophilus. The samples were subjected to several combined temperature-high pressure treatments predicted by the mathematical model applied in Response Surface Methodology. Using the "Box-Behnken" concept, the number of tests for a whole area of pressure-temperature-time-combinations (pressure variation: 50-400 MPa, temperature variation 20-80°C, time variation 1-60 min) could be limited to 15. In the center point of the model, the experimental combination was performed in triple to estimate the experimental variance. All the tests were executed in a randomized order to exclude the disturbing effect of environmental factors. Microbial analysis revealed for each microorganism an important reduction in total plate count, demonstrating a superior pressure resistance of the sporulating microorganisms in comparison with the most pressure resistant vegetative species Streptococcus faecalis. The effect of the medium composition could be neglected, showing little protective effect of, e.g. the fat fraction as seen in heat preservation techniques.     

远东地区对轿车、公交车和长途客车用机织绒类织物的需求

轿车、公交车或长途客车都需要为其座椅提供高质量的装饰类织物,而座椅的舒适性和耐久性则是其首要因素,聚酯的或羊毛的机织绒类织物可满足客运行业发展的要求。绒类织物透气性好,冬天不会太冷,夏天不会太热,让人感觉比较舒适,而且绒纱会吸收因出汗或接触湿衣服而产生的湿气。     

Machining and accuracy studies for a tibial knee implant using a force-controlled robot

The use of thoriated tungsten electrodes may be at the origin of a potential hazard for the personnel involved in the use of electrodes, as well as the general population. To assess this hazard, the electrode radioactivity measurements by alpha and beta counting has been conducted. The radioelements were identified by alpha and gamma spectromety. It appeared that there was a radioactive disequilibrium between thorium-232 (Th-232) and it daughters atoms. Additionally, some thorium 230 (Th-230) belonging to the uranium chain, was present. The chemical separation and the milling processing had affected the radioactive composition and the thorium in the electrodes, doesn't exactly corresponds to natural thorium. Radiation doses were also assessed: film and photoluminescence dosimetry were undertaken. Finally smears method showed a alpha removable area contamination. Even if the hazard is weak. As a matter of fact, it must not be neglected because it was complex, for the thorium was always accompanied by Th-232 progeny, alpha emitters but also beta and gamma emitters.     

集灵活性和生产率于一体的新型地毯织机

本文介绍了各种风格和结构的地毯（单剑杆、双剑杆和三剑杆织物结构）、西沙尔地毯、起圈地毯和割线起圈地毯。Ｖａｎ ｄｅ Ｗｉｅｌｅ公司为各种机织地毯的产生提供了高产地毯织机,另一方面,这些织机由于采用了电子设备、新的工作准则和网络而具有了很强的通用性。