Hans Bernhard Reichow and the concept of Stadtlandschaft in German planning

The German architect and city planner Hans Bernhard Reichow (1899-1974) published his book Organische Stadtbaukunst: Von der Gro g stadt zur Stadtlandschaft (The organic art of building towns: from the metropolis to the city landscape) in 1948. This presented a uniquely comprehensive discussion of the concept of the Stadtlandschaft (city landscape) in urban planning, an issue which was at the focus of debate in relation to the post-war reconstruction of Germany. Reichow was radically opposed to the idea of the metropolis and proposed the establishment of a new-style Stadtlandschaft , composed of residential cells that were kept closely attuned to their natural landscapes. Discussions from a quarter of a century earlier seemed to reappear in that concept, such as the call for the metropolis to be abolished in the revolutionary years of 1918-1919 following the First World War - a call which, however, gave way to a more pragmatic approach during the Weimar Republic. It is astonishing that the idea of a tabula rasa was maintained by Reichow for so long. There is also another perturbing aspect: Reichow gave his idea the same name as the concept which Nazi town planners had adopted as their own. How was it possible for Reichow to incorporate a new version of the concept of Stadtlandschaft into planning the reconstruction of the new Germany? This article shows, based on the example of Reichow, how concepts of urban planning are carried through history, with new political interpretations being continually attached to them. It deals with the question of continuity at the level of the planners and examines specifically how this continuity and adaptability of the concept of Stadtlandschaft was possible. Reichow's concept is introduced in the first part of this article in order to trace the roots of Stadtlandschaft within history in the second part of the article; finally Reichow's work is put in a theoretical context.     

复合技术制备锂蓄电池相关材料

随着锂蓄电池技术的不断发展,更多的方法已应用于锂蓄电池电极材料及相关辅助材料的制备,复合技术是其中提高材料的性能和(或)降低成本的效方法之一。综述了最近几年来复合技术在制备锂蓄电池辅助材料方面的进展。这些辅助材料包括聚合物电解质、无机电解质、隔膜材料和正温度系数端子。其中聚合物电解质的复合包括加入无机填料和将无机基体与有机基体形成复合物,无机电解质的复合包括合成晶体电解质、玻璃态电解质、熔融盐电解质和聚合物盐中电解质。所得复合材料的性能均较单一材料的性能有明显提高,特别是晶体电解质,室温电导率可达2.17×10-3S/cm,可与非水液体电解质相媲美,而且具有良好的电化学和化学稳定性,可用于高压锂蓄电池。随着复合技术的不断发展,真正意义上的固态锂蓄电池的诞生为期不会太远,而且安全性能将会得到明显提高。     

Defined Starter Cultures used for Fermentation of Salmon Fillets

The integration of defined starter cultures into a fish fermentation process was studied. Six lactobacilli and 5 staphylococci strains were tested in a salmon model system. Dependence of bacterial growth and pH reduction on sucrose, NaCl and sodium nitrite concentrations, and fermentation temperature was evaluated. A combination of Lactobacillus sake and Staphylococcus carnosus was then applied to whole salmon fillets to which NaCl and sucrose had been added. The influence of sucrose and NaCl concentrations, temperature and the addition of sodium nitrite on pH, color and microbiological stability was evaluated. Optimal conditions were 25g-kg^?1 NaCl, 15gkg^?1 sucrose, fermentation at 12°C for 3 days, subsequent storage at 4°C.