Absorbability of Calcium From Common Beans

Absorption of calcium from white, red, and pinto beans, labeled with ⁴⁵Ca, was measured in 24 women in a three-way randomized design using a calcium load of 72 mg and milk as the referent. Fractional absorption for the three beans averaged 0.219 ± 0.047 and did not differ by type. Milk calcium absorption at the same load was more than two times higher, 0.451 ± 0.088 (P < 0.001). Oxalate content averaged 0.34%, and phytate averaged 1.7%, a stoichiometric excess relative to calcium. To evaluate the relation of phytate to reduced absorbability, labeled pinto beans were pre-treated with phytase and fed to 10 subjects. Fractional absorption rose, averaging 0.318 ± 0.071, (P <0.01 vs. untreated beans), but was significantly below that of milk. The difference was partly accounted for by phytate, with the remainder probably due to relatively high oxalate.     

酵母多肽：一种真实有效的防脱生发成分

使用HAIRGENYL~?测定一组男性志愿者的头发生长,验证了产品的抗脱发作用。数据经志愿者自评问卷证实了成分的功效表现。结果表明HAIRGENYL~?可使头发更浓密更强韧,而且头皮更密集覆盖,防止秃发的形成。     

Trypsin Inhibitor Activity and Tannin Content Do Not Affect Calcium Bioavailability of Three Commonly Consumed Legumes

Calcium bioavailability from legumes containing a range in trypsin inhibitor activity (TIA) and tannin concentration was studied. Three cultivars (Phaseolus vulgaris) were hydroponically grown and intrinsically labeled with ^4SCa. Raw and cooked legumes were fed to six groups of 6-wk old male Sprague-Dawley rats. Another group received an intraperitoneal (IP) injection of ⁴⁵Ca. An eighth group was fed a casein metal extrinsically labeled with ⁴⁵Ca. The absorption of calcium from legumes by rats averaged 47.1 ± 7.5% of IP dose. Average phytate content of the legumes was 1.7% and oxalate 0.37%. Raw legumes had an average of 15000 TIA units/g of whole bean, which were completely removed by cooking. Calcium absorption was unaffected by TIA or tannin content. Reduced availability of bean calcium was likely due to phytate and/or oxalate present in legumes.     

QUALITY CURVES FOR MANGO FRUIT (CV. TOMMY ATKINS AND PALMER) STORED AT CHILLING AND NONCHILLING TEMPERATURES

“Tommy Atkins” and “Palmer” mangoes were harvested medium‐ripe held for 7–20 days at five different temperatures and evaluated for quality attributes. The objective of this work was to obtain quality curves at chilling and nonchilling temperatures and to identify, for each temperature, which quality factors limit mango marketability. Chilling injury and increased fruit softness were the limiting quality factors for mango stored at 2 and 5C. Softening of the fruit, changes in color and development of decay were the limiting quality factors for mango stored at 12, 15 and 20C. Prediction of mango shelf life calculated from the data reported in the literature is not precise unless the characteristics of the fruit and environmental factors involved are well known. The curves obtained from quality evaluations for each temperature showed that a single quality attribute cannot be used to express loss of quality of mango over the normal physiological range of temperatures.     

How do operators monitor a complex, dynamic work domain? The impact of control room technology

This article describes part of a research programme whose goal is to develop a better understanding of how operators monitor complex, dynamic systems under normal operations. In a previous phase, field observations were made at two older nuclear power plant control rooms (CRs) consisting primarily of analogue, hard-wired instrumentation. In this phase, additional field observations were conducted in a newer computer-based CR to determine the impact of CR technology on operator monitoring. Eleven different operators were observed in situ for a total of approximately 88 h. The findings indicate that there are many similarities in the monitoring strategies adopted by operators in the two types of CRs. However, in most cases, these same strategies are performed using different behaviours, thereby showing the shaping effect of the CR technology. A new way of conceptualizing the difference between traditional analogue CRs and modern computer-based CRs is proposed.