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1.
Virpi Oksman Ville Ollikainen Elina Noppari Carlos Herrero Antti Tammela 《Multimedia Systems》2008,14(2):105-114
Recently, mobile TV has been launched in several countries. While mobile TV integrates television contents into mobile phones,
the most personal of communication devices, it becomes interesting to know how this feature will be used throughout the day
and in varying contexts of everyday life. This paper presents empirical results on the use of mobile TV with different delivery
mechanisms and both quantitative and qualitative results on how end-users prefer to use mobile TV contents in different situations.
The data is based on ongoing empirical research in Finland in 2006 and 2007. The mobile TV services under study included both
news and entertainment contents, and were tested in 3G, DVB-H and Wi-Fi networks using different delivery paradigms: broadcast,
on-demand and download. To explore the use of different delivery methods and content consumption, we have developed a mobile
TV service protoype, called Podracing. The analysis shows that users appreciated up-to-date information and information-rich
media forms and contents especially for mobile news delivery. There was high demand for only the latest news on mobiles. The
real-time property was considered important. Most of the users looked at the headlines or followed the news several times
a day – much more often than the traditional TV and news prime times would allow. 相似文献
2.
Cloud Computing is a promising paradigm for parallel computing. However, as Cloud-based services become more dynamic, resource provisioning in Clouds becomes more challenging. The paradigm, with its promise of virtually infinite resources, seems to suit well in solving resource greedy scientific computing problems. In a Cloud, an appropriate number of Virtual Machines (VM) is created and allocated in physical resources for executing jobs. This work focuses on the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) model where custom VMs are launched in appropriate hosts available in a Cloud to execute scientific experiments coming from multiple users. Finding optimal solutions to allocate VMs to physical resources is an NP-complete problem, and therefore many heuristics have been developed. In this work, we describe and evaluate two Cloud schedulers based on Swarm Intelligence (SI) techniques, particularly Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The main performance metrics to study are the number of serviced users by the Cloud and the total number of created VMs in online (non-batch) scheduling scenarios. We also perform a sensitivity analysis by varying the specific-parameter values of each algorithm to evaluate the impact on the performance of the two objective metrics. The intra-Cloud network traffic is also measured. Simulated experiments performed using CloudSim and job data from real scientific problems show that the use of SI-based techniques succeeds in balancing the studied metrics compared to Genetic Algorithms. 相似文献
3.
4.
Nikos Pasadakis Vithleem Dagounaki Elina Chamilaki 《Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects》2016,38(3):362-369
Samples from three oil shows in Western Greece were studied following a suite of analytical geochemical procedures, aiming to reveal the origin of the organic matter and characterize its depositional environment. The authors’ findings were compared, and confirmed to a great extent, to geochemical results from previously published studies. Certain compositional differences exist between the three oil shows, reflecting different source rock and/or different facies. The influence of different analytical methodologies commonly used to separate compound groups (saturates, aromatics, resins, asphaltenes) on the obtained geochemical indices was also examined. The results demonstrate that bulk composition of maltenes, as well as most biomarker indices, are not affected significantly by the employed group-type separation procedures. 相似文献
5.
Elina Manusevich Wiseman Shimrit Bar-El Dadon 《Critical reviews in food science and nutrition》2017,57(17):3703-3714
Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a serious and widespread public health problem and the leading cause of preventable blindness in young children. It is also associated with increased rates of death from severe infections, especially in developing countries. Over the past 35 years, researchers have examined the numerous activities of vitamin A in different tissues of the human body. VAD can lead to a series of ocular symptoms, anemia, and weak resistance to infection, which can increase the severity of infectious diseases and the risk of death. Cell development, vision, growth, and normal metabolism are among the vital processes that are insufficiently supported in the presence of VAD. VAD leads to impaired tissue function especially during the developmental periods of infancy, childhood, pregnancy, and lactation. We describe a multidirectional model of VAD that demonstrates how VAD can have progressive, negative effects on vital processes of the human body throughout the life cycle. This model starts with impaired intake and its link to decreased absorption and digestion and includes outcomes such as malnutrition, inflammation, and improper growth processes, including possible mechanisms. Together, these clinical and biochemical manifestations contribute to the vicious cycle of VAD. 相似文献
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7.
Jaakko Saari Fatima Siddique Sanna Korpela Elina Mntyl Teemu O. Ihalainen Katri Kaukinen Katriina Aalto-Setl Katri Lindfors Kati Juuti-Uusitalo 《International journal of molecular sciences》2022,23(3)
The small intestinal epithelium has an important role in nutrition, but also in drug absorption and metabolism. There are a few two-dimensional (2D) patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-based intestinal models enabling easy evaluation of transcellular transport. It is known that animal-derived components induce variation in the experimental outcomes. Therefore, we aimed to refine the differentiation protocol by using animal-free components. More specifically, we compared maturation of 2D-cultured iPCSs toward small intestinal epithelial cells when cultured either with or without serum, and either on Geltrex or on animal-free, recombinant laminin-based substrata. Differentiation status was characterized by qPCR, immunofluorescence imaging, and functionality assays. Our data suggest that differentiation toward definitive endoderm is more efficient without serum. Both collagen- and recombinant laminin-based coating supported differentiation of definitive endoderm, posterior definitive endoderm, and small intestinal epithelial cells from iPS-cells equally well. Small intestinal epithelial cells differentiated on recombinant laminin exhibited slightly more enterocyte specific cellular functionality than cells differentiated on Geltrex. Our data suggest that functional small intestinal epithelial cells can be generated from iPSCs in serum-free method on xeno-free substrata. This method is easily converted to an entirely xeno-free method. 相似文献
8.
The finite-volume based commercial CFD-code Fluent was used to simulate the reacting flow in a heavy fuel oil fired laboratory furnace. Both the standard k−ε turbulence model and the Reynolds stress model (RSM) were tested. The combustion model was based on the conserved scalar (mixture fraction) and prescribed probability density function approach. The heavy fuel oil droplet trajectories were predicted by solving the momentum equations for the droplets using the Lagrangian treatment. The soot distribution in the furnace was calculated by solving a transport equation for the soot mass fraction. Simple expressions for the soot formation and oxidation rates were employed. The radiation heat transfer equation was solved using the finite volume method. The formation of thermal NO from molecular nitrogen was modeled according to the extended Zeldovich mechanism. Fuel-based NO was modeled assuming that all the nitrogen in the fuel is released as hydrogen cyanide (HCN), which then further reacts forming nitric oxide NO or molecular nitrogen N2, depending on the local combustion conditions. The formation of prompt NO was also included in the calculations. The CFD-code was validated against experimental data for a combustor fired by an industry-type swirl burner for which the initial conditions of the spray have been characterized. It was found that the standard k−ε model does not satisfactorily predict the highly swirling flow field in the furnace. The RSM was able to improve the prediction of the flow field. The predicted gas species concentrations were found to be in a reasonable agreement with the measurements, except near the burner and in the vicinity of the furnace axis where discrepancies were found. 相似文献
9.
Issues and novel ideas to be considered when developing computer realizations of complex multidisciplinary and multiobjective optimization systems are introduced. The aim is to discuss computer realizations that make possible both computationally efficient multidisciplinary analysis and multiobjective optimization of real world problems. We introduce software tools that make typically very time-consuming simulation processes more effective and, thus, enable even interactive multiobjective optimization with a real decision maker. In this paper, we first define a multidisciplinary and multiobjective optimization system and after that present an implementation overview of such problems including basic components participating in the solution process. Furthermore, interfaces and data flows between the components are described. A couple of important features related to the implementation are discussed in detail, for example, the usage of automatic differentiation. Finally, the ideas presented are illustrated with an industrial multiobjective optimization problem, when we describe numerical experiments related to quality properties in paper making. 相似文献
10.
Multiobjective optimization methodology for the development of the papermaking process is considered. The aim is to find efficient
and reliable solution procedures for the process line model consisting of sequential unit-process models; some of them based
on physics, whereas others on experimental data. By the consequence of modeling procedures, nonphysical states or inherited
from modeling data in statistical case, the unit-process models may suffer from undesired unreliability. To control the uncertainty
resulting from the unit-process models, a new multiobjective optimization approach is introduced where both the papermaking
targets as well as the uncertainty related unit-process models are simultaneously taken into account. We illustrate the solution
process by numerical examples related to the quality of the produced paper. 相似文献