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Arif Wismadi Mark Brussel Mark Zuidgeest Heru Sutomo Lukito Edi Nugroho Martin van Maarseveen 《Computers, Environment and Urban Systems》2012
To determine whether the inclusion of conditions in neighbouring villages and infrastructure interdependency are able to improve the performance of infrastructure–economy interaction models, we compare three related and progressive concepts. The first concept defines economic opportunity in a village as a function of available infrastructure within that village. The second concept includes the effect of economic opportunity in neighbouring villages in addition to available infrastructure within the village. In the third concept, we include the interdependency of infrastructures as another factor affecting the potential level of economic development in the village. We use Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and a Geographic Information System (GIS) to model the first concept, and we add a spatial-lag model for the second. The third model expands on the second by introducing a Sugeno Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) and a rule-based OLS to capture the nature of infrastructure interdependency. The result of the three models is validated by a known spatial distribution of poverty levels and subjective well-being that serve as proxies for economic opportunity in the Yogyakarta region in Indonesia. The results demonstrate that the third model provides a more accurate prediction of the real conditions and performs consistently better than the other two models. We therefore conclude that conditions in neighbouring villages and infrastructure interdependency influence the economic opportunity of a village and should be considered in policy making regarding resource allocation in infrastructure development. 相似文献
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Identifying file systems metadata changes such as which files have been added, modified or removed from the file system has many usages. In this paper we present a framework we developed for identifying those changes in increasing speeds. Our framework which is composed of crawling, hashing, and scheduling components, allows to scale the crawl to multiple client workstations that operate in parallel on the same file system in a non-overlapping fashion. Experiments carried using real-world data indicate performance improvement (speedup) of up to 36X using our framework compared to legacy crawling utilities such as Linux’s ‘find’. 相似文献
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Cruz-López L Malo EA Morgan ED Rincon M Guzmán M Rojas JC 《Journal of chemical ecology》2005,31(7):1621-1632
The mandibular gland secretion of Melipona beecheii contains a rich mixture of terpenoid and oxygenated compounds and unsaturated and saturated hydrocarbons. However, it differs markedly from the 11 other Brazilian species examined in previous studies, both by the absence of 2-heptanol and the presence of rose oxides. The most abundant compound was geranyl hexanoate, whereas the most volatile compounds were cis- and trans-rose oxide and geraniol. The complete blend and five individual components found in the gland secretion were tested by electroantennography (EAG) and behavioral assays. The complete mandibular gland extract and geraniol elicited the strongest EAG responses, whereas these and farnesyl acetate induced the strongest attack response from workers. The role of the rose oxides remains to be elucidated, as they do not appear to play a major role as an alarm pheromone of this species. 相似文献
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Federica Camin Luana Bontempo Matteo Perini Edi Piasentier 《Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety》2016,15(5):868-877
The main elemental constituents (H, C, N, O, and S) of bio‐organic material have different stable isotopes (2H, 1H; 13C,12C; 15N,14N; 18O,17O,16O; 36S, 34S, 33S, and 32S). Isotopic ratios can be measured precisely and accurately using dedicated analytical techniques such as isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). Analysis of these ratios shows potential for assessing the authenticity of food of animal origin. In this review, IRMS analysis of food of animal origin and variability factors related to stable isotope ratios in animals are described. The study also lists examples of application of stable isotope ratio analysis to meat, dairy products, fish, and shellfish and emphasizes the strengths and weaknesses of the technique. Geographical, climatic, pedological, geological, botanical, and agricultural factors affect the stable isotope ratios (SIR) of bio‐elements, and SIR variations are ultimately incorporated into animal tissue through eating, drinking, breathing, and exchange with the environment, being recorded in the resulting foods. SIR analysis was capable of determining geographical origin, animal diet, and the production system (such as organic/conventional or wild/farmed) for pork, beef, lamb, poultry, milk, butter, cheese, fish, and shellfish. In the case of the hard PDO (protected designations of origin) cheeses Grana Padano and Parmigiano Reggiano it is also used in real‐life situations to assess the authenticity of grated and shredded cheese on the market. 相似文献
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The climate agenda in France and several other countries is a complex combination of unilateral commitments with regional and international objectives. When analyzing national policies, the findings of worldwide analyses are of limited accuracy and the large aggregates on which they are built level out most local specificities and inertia. Specific assessments are hence needed. This paper quantifies the dynamic evolution of carbon values for French climate and energy policy. Its time dependency over successive periods and the effects of setting intermediate targets are evaluated using a long-term optimization model. Addressing critical issues for France, we produce consistent energy, emissions and carbon value estimates with a 5-year time step. Our results are situated above the upper range of carbon value estimates of world models with an overlapping zone. We show that the official policy guideline value is only consistent with an optimistic combination of assumptions. The central estimates are 4 times greater than the guideline carbon value for 2050 and up to 14 times greater in 2020 because of short-term inertia that are costly to move. We also find that with intermediate objectives, the carbon value’s dynamic is more than a simple upward curve and that its variability is itself time dependent. 相似文献
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Matteo Perini Federica Camin José Sánchez del Pulgar Edi Piasentier 《Food chemistry》2013,136(3-4):1543-1550
The stable isotope ratios (SIR) of the bioelements (2H/1H, 13C/12C, 15N/14N, 18O/16O, 34S/32S) of the defatted dry matter and marbling and subcutaneous fat fractions, were assessed on 86 ham samples belonging to six different types, with the aim of ascertaining the effect of origin and production system on 11 isotopic ratios. The ham types were obtained from pigs reared in three regions, examining in every location one different production factor at two levels of expression: pig genotype (local breed vs. industrial hybrid) in Friuli (Italy), pig feeding regime (Bellota vs. Campo) in Extremadura (Spain) and ham seasoning time (mid vs. end) in Emilia (Italy). The isotopic composition of meteoric water and the dietary abundance of C4 plants allowed to distinguish Italian PDO from Spanish hams. The contrasting treatments within the regional batches generated promising differences in SIR, potentially useful for tracing the whole ham production system, including the processing procedure. 相似文献
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Cruz-López L Malo EA Toledo J Virgen A Del Mazo A Rojas JC 《Journal of chemical ecology》2006,32(2):351-365
Nonirradiated males and females of Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart) were attracted to and landed more frequently on ripe fruits of Spondias mombin L. than on artificial fruit in wind tunnel bioassays. Porapak Q volatile extracts of S. mombin were also attractive and elicited landing on artificial fruit for both sexes. Combined gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of volatile extracts showed that nine volatile compounds elicited repeatable antennal responses from females and males. The EAD-active compounds were identified by GC–mass spectrometry (MS) as follows: ethyl butyrate, isopropyl butyrate, hexan-1-ol, propyl butyrate, isobutyl butyrate, ethyl hexanoate, isopentyl butyrate, ethyl benzoate, and ethyl octanoate. In wind tunnel bioassays, males and females were attracted and landed more frequently on lures containing the nine-component blend of synthetic compounds than on unscented controls. Field cage bioassays showed that multilure traps baited with the nine-synthetic blend captured significantly more A. obliqua than traps baited with hydrolyzed protein or water. 相似文献
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Adrian Cheng Yong Choo Paridah Md. Tahir Alinaghi Karimi Edi Suhaimi Bakar Khalina Abdan Azmi Ibrahim Loh Yueh Feng 《Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff》2011,69(3):501-503
Large variations in the stem of oil palm in terms of moisture content and density hinder its full utilization in the plywood industry. In this study, the density and moisture content (MC) pattern throughout the trunk of the oil palm tree were measured and established. The veneer samples were taken from various sections i.e., top, bottom, outer and inner parts of the trunk and the density and moisture content of each veneer were then measured. The results showed that there was a decrease of density and an increase of moisture content in the veneers as they were peeled progressively towards the inner portion of the trunk. It was also discovered that veneers taken from the top part of the stem had higher density but did not have a significant difference in MC compared to veneers taken from the bottom part of the stem. 相似文献