欧洲城市中的性别主流化运动

欧洲城市和区域理事会（CCRE）下属的妇女委员会于2004年在欧盟范围内进行了一次调查，寻找真正适于妇女生存与发展的城市。调查中没有发现理想的城市，但是发现许多值得效仿的城镇，其中很多城市都制定了性别政策。     

中法交流:一树百获

华揽洪(LéonHoa),吴良镛,崔恺,栗德祥,张祖刚,齐欣,单黛娜,这七位建筑师属于三代,年龄从45至92岁。他们是这期特刊的主要人物。为什么把他们放在一起,他们之间有什么共同之处吗?他们中的几个人可以讲流利的法语,在法国曾居住、工作、学习过,但这不是把他     

Easy use of high performance computers for fusion simulations

Fusion Modelling and Simulation are very challenging and the high performance computing issues are addressed here. Based on the framework developed by the European Integrated Tokamak Modelling project and on the EUFORIA infrastructure, a tool solving nicely these difficulties has been developed for the end users and applied to several fusion simulation cases. The first part recalls the issues with GRID and high performance computing, while the second part presents the solutions and the tool for developing easily a GRID/HPC actor. The last part reports the use of this tool in MHD equilibrium and plasma edge simulations.     

Libre parcours moyen dans la phase solide des materiaux frittés

A simple mathematical model is used to predict the evolution of the mean free path in the solid phase in a sintered material. The knowledge of the volume fraction of the solid phase and of the particle coordination number are only required. Good agreement is observed between experimental data and the purposed relationship.     

Implications of enhancing critical flux of particulates by AC fields in RO desalination and reclamation

This paper discusses fouling in reverse osmosis in terms of the critical flux of foulants and the fouling mechanisms based on hydraulic resistance and loss of driving force due to cake-enhanced osmotic pressure (CEOP). In many cases CEOP is the dominant effect and this is exacerbated by the use of constant flux processing. The implications of increasing critical flux are described and the potential benefit of using AC field gradients to do this is illustrated for a model foulant.     

Kinetics of mouse jejunum radiosensitization by 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine) and its relationship with pharmacodynamics of DNA synthesis inhibition and cell cycle redistribution in crypt cells

Gemcitabine (dFdC), a deoxycitidine nucleoside analogue, inhibits DNA synthesis and repair of radiation-induced chromosome breaks in vitro, radiosensitizes various human and mouse cells in vitro and shows clinical activity in several tumours. Limited data are however available on the effect of dFdC on normal tissue radiotolerance and on factors associated with dFdC's radiosensitization in vivo. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of dFdC on mouse jejunum radiosensitization and to investigate the kinetics of DNA synthesis inhibition and cell cycle redistribution in the jejunal crypts as surrogates of radiosensitization in vivo. For assessment of jejunum tolerance, the mice were irradiated on the whole body with 60Co gamma rays (3.5-18 Gy single dose) with or without prior administration of dFdC (150 mg kg-1). Jejunum tolerance was evaluated by the number of regenerated crypts per circumference at 86 h after irradiation. For pharmacodynamic studies, dFdC (150 or 600 mg kg-1) was given i.p. and jejunum was harvested at various times (0-48 h), preceded by a pulse BrdUrd labelling. Labelled cells were detected by immunohistochemistry on paraffin-embedded sections. DNA synthesis was inhibited within 3 h after dFdC administration. After an early wave of apoptosis (3-6 h), DNA synthesis recovered by 6 h, and crypt cells became synchronized. At 48 h, the labelling index returned almost to background level. At a level of 40 regenerated crypts, radiosensitization was observed for a 3 h time interval (dose modification factor of 1.3) and was associated with DNA synthesis inhibition, whereas a slight radioprotection was observed for a 48-h time interval (dose modification factor of 0.9) when DNA synthesis has reinitiated. In conclusion, dFdC altered the radioresponse of the mouse jejunum in a schedule-dependent fashion. Our data tend to support the hypothesis that DNA synthesis inhibition and cell cycle redistribution are surrogates for radiosensitization. More data points are however required before a definite conclusion can be drawn.