Detection of Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase in the Skin of Blueberry and Cranberry Fruits

Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) was extracted from the skin of individual berries and assayed spectrophotometrically under conditions minimizing interference from co-extracted constituents. Analyses for total anthocyanin (TAcy), soluble solids (SS), and titratable acidity (A) were performed on the same berries. In blueberry fruits, PAL activity was present at all maturity levels examined. Cultivar differences in anthocyanin accumulation were unrelated to PAL activity. PAL activity in cranberry fruit was unrelated to harvest date, cultivar differences in anthocyanin accumulation, or values of TAcy and SS/A in individual berries. Activity was retained in cranberries during 4 wk of refrigerated storage.     

Effects of Vacuum Hydration on the Incidence of Splits in Canned Kidney Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris)

Dry red kidney beans were canned using two different pretreatments: soaking for 12 hr at 20°C, and vacuum hydration for 5 min followed by soaking for 2 hr at temperatures from 45-59.1°C. Samples were then packed, processed to commercial sterility, and tested for percentage of split beans after processing. Vacuum hydration pretreatments greatly decreased the incidence and severity of splitting in the canned product and accelerated water uptake while retaining the same moisture content after soaking as the conventional soak treatment. Vacuum-hydrated beans gained less moisture during retorting than conventionally treated samples.     

Leakage of Anthocyanins from Skin of Thawed, Frozen Highbush Blueberries (Vaccinium corymbosum L.)

Factors affecting the tendency of thawed blueberries to leak pigmented exudate were investigated. Drip and anthocyanin leakage rates (ALR) were determined spectrophotometrically. Leakage vs time curves were linear or two-phase linear, ALR varying with cultivar, ripeness, and berry condition. Dewaxing increased ALR with most cultivars. ALR did not correlate with berry anthocyanin content, surface area, or cuticle thickness. ALR and amount of drip were poorly correlated. ALR varied from berry-to-berry within samples. Leakage was observed to be nonuniform on berry surfaces, appearing at skin cracks and ruptures, the calyx area, and other point sources. An hypothesis relating leakage to skin condition, fluid accumulation, and anthocyanin content is presented.     

卫星通信之父克拉克先生90年的人生

亚瑟·C·克拉克（Arthur C·Clarke）是将科学专业和诗意想象有机结合的作家，也是太空时代的导师。克拉克于2008年3月19日上午在斯里兰卡的科伦坡溘然去世，享年90岁，他从1956年开始就一直居住在科伦坡。     

ELIMINATION OF A SADISTIC FANTASY BY A CLIENT-CONTROLLED COUNTERCONDITIONING TECHNIQUE: A CASE STUDY.

BELIEVED TO BE THE 1ST REPORT OF THE ELIMINATION OF A SADISTIC FANTASY BY CONDITIONING METHODS, AS WELL AS THE 1ST TO DESCRIBE A TECHNIQUE FOR COUNTERCONDITIONING SEXUAL RESPONSES. THE CLIENT WAS A 21-YR-OLD COLLEGE MALE. THE THERAPY ENTAILED CLIENT-CONTROLLED MASTURBATION SESSIONS, IN WHICH STRONG SEXUAL FEELINGS WERE PAIRED WITH PICTURES AND IMAGES OF FEMALES IN NONSADISTIC CONTEXTS. THIS PRESUMED POSITIVE COUNTERCONDITIONING WAS SUPPLEMENTED IN THE CONSULTING ROOM BY IMAGINAL AVERSIVE COUNTERCONDITIONING ("COVERT SENSITIZATION"), WHEREBY AN EXTREMELY DISGUSTING SCENE WAS PAIRED IN IMAGINATION WITH A TYPICAL SADISTIC FANTASY. FURTHERMORE, THERAPEUTIC CHANGE SEEMED TO BE FACILITATED THROUGH THE CLIENT'S RECONSTRUCTION OF HIS PROBLEM IN CONDITIONING TERMS, RATHER THAN IN TERMS OF MENTAL ILLNESS AND UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSES. (36 REF.) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

ENERGY CONSERVATION IN DRYING OF FRUITS IN TUNNEL DEHYDRATORS

This study reports the energy use and thermal losses associated with tunnel dehydrators and discusses methods of increasing energy efficiency. These dehydrators can operate with an efficiency of water removal greater than 50%. It is shown that energy conservation techniques such as minimizing air leakage, increasing air recirculation, utilizing a furnace heat shield to prevent heat losses, and maximizing input can result in significant energy savings.     

GERMAN PSYCHOLOGY AND ITS JOURNALS.

GERMAN PSYCHOLOGY JOURNALS ARE DESCRIBED AND COMPARED TO SIMILAR AMERICAN JOURNALS. CONTENT AREAS, PUBLICATION DATA, AND AUTHORS' AFFILIATIONS ARE ENUMERATED. ON THE AVERAGE, GERMAN JOURNALS HAVE A 20% REJECTION RATE, A 6-MO PUBLICATION LAG, 25% NON-GERMAN AUTHORS, AND ARTICLES TWICE AS LONG AS THEIR AMERICAN COUNTERPARTS. GERMAN SELECTION CRITERIA AND ARTICLE QUALITY ARE EVALUATED, AND HISTORICAL FACTORS FOR PRESENT PUBLICATION PROCEDURES ARE DISCUSSED. INTEREST AREAS AND PUBLICATION QUANTITY ARE SHOWN FOR VARIOUS PSYCHOLOGICAL INSTITUTES IN GERMANY. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

Some stability results for neutral functional differential equations

Sufficient conditions for the stability and asymptotic stability of the null solution of a neutral functional differential equation are established. These stability results are obtained by employing the idea of a Lyapunov function which has a strongly negative definite derivative on an annulus, and they represent an extension of the recent work of Haddock (1971).