甘草酸及其衍生物的活性研究进展

甘草酸是甘草中的重要成分之一,具有广泛的药理活性,尤其是其衍生物具有显著的抗炎、抗乙肝病毒、抗艾滋病毒等活性.综述了近年来国内外专家对甘草酸及其衍生物的药理活性研究新进展.     

莴苣籽油理化性质及脂肪酸组成研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC/MS)对莴苣籽油中脂肪酸组成及相对含量进行了分析研究,同时按照国家标准对莴苣籽油的酸值、皂化值、碘值、折光率以及相对密度进行了测定。结果表明:莴苣籽油由亚油酸、油酸、棕榈酸等10种脂肪酸组成,不饱和脂肪酸达75%以上,其中亚油酸53.18%,油酸17.22%,棕榈酸11.58%。研究结果为莴苣籽在食品及药品领域的开发提供了一定理论依据。     

Three Centuries of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Teriterpane Records In Tebrau Strait,Malaysia; Recent Pollution Concern in a Pristine Marine Environment

In the last century, application of fossil fuel as the primary source of energy caused environmental pollution in many countries including Malaysia. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) are an important class of petroleum contamination. Two sediment cores were collected from the Tebrau Strait at the southern part of Peninsular Malaysia near the border line to Singapore, where entering into the South China Sea. The samples were sliced in certain intervals, extracted with Dichloromethane in Soxhlet apparatus, cleaned and fractionated in 2-steps column chromatography, and analyzed in Gas Chromatography – Mass Spectrometry. The results showed that PAHs input were started soon after World War II and exponentially increased from 1980 onward by 310 ng/g d. w., in comparison it was negligible and probably nature derived during 18^th and 19^th century. The application of compound-specific ratios and pentacyclic teriterpanes suggested the vicinity of sources that atmospherically transported to the sampling locations. They were originated from combusted oil of Southeast Asian and the Middle East, polluting urban sediment and street dusts prior to final deposition. Biomass burning appeared historically as a predominant minor background pollution of both cores. Remarkably, crankcase oil was not traced in this study while it was reported as a predominant source in Malaysia. This study suggested ocean-going ships and Singapore International Airport as the main sources of petroleum pollution in recent decades since there was insignificant rural development surrounding the studied area.     

苦豆子杀虫有效部位的研究

依次采用酸水浸泡、732阳离子交换树脂得到苦豆子生物碱部位,田间实验证明其有良好杀虫效果。通过薄层层析表明其主要含有氧化苦参碱,并采用紫外法建立了生物总碱有效部位的含量测定方法。     

新疆洋葱籽油脂肪酸组成研究

采用气相色谱-质谱联用法(GC/MS)对新疆洋葱籽油中脂肪酸组成及相对含量进行研究.结果表明,新疆洋葱籽油由棕榈酸、亚油酸、油酸等12种脂肪酸组成,不饱和脂肪酸达79.92%,其中油酸为13.11%,亚油酸为65.90%,棕榈酸为10.47%,硬脂酸为4.97%.     

亚洲玉米螟性信息素的合成新方法

以10-羟基癸酸为起始原料,经过四氢铝锂还原、单边溴代、邻苯二甲酸二环乙酯（DHP）保护、格氏试剂偶联、脱DHP及乙酰化、臭氧化反应和Wittig反应,以17.9%的总收率合成了亚洲玉米螟性信息素（Z/E）-12-十四碳烯醇乙酸酯（1,2）和正十四碳醇乙酸酯（3）。与文献报道的方法相比,此方法更经济。     

7-硝基喹唑啉酮的合成、晶体结构和量子化学研究

以2-氨基-4-硝基苯甲酸和醋酸甲脒为原料,合成了7-硝基喹唑啉酮.用X-射线衍射法测定了化合物的晶体结构,用Gaussian 03程序计算了化合物的优化结构参数、电荷分布、分子总能量,并解释了实验值与计算值存在差异的原因.结果表明,晶体属于单斜晶系,P2空间群,晶胞参数a=5.1063（10）,b=11.206（2）,c=13.528（3）,α=90°,β=99.19（3）,γ=90°,Dx=1.653g/cm,Z=4,F（000）=392,μ=0.132mm-1.最终偏差因子R1=0.0395,ωR2=0.1035.计算得到的键长、键角基本和单晶衍射测定值相符合.同时,通过能量比较说明了该化合物是7-硝基喹唑啉酮,而不是7-硝基-4-羟基喹唑啉。     

新疆洋葱籽挥发油的气相色谱质谱分析

文章采用挥发油提取器对新疆洋葱籽中的挥发油进行了提取,并用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对新疆洋葱籽中的挥发油进行了鉴定,共分离出66种成分,确认了其中的62种成分,占挥发油总离子流的93.94%。采用面积归一化法确定各成分的相对百分含量,其中主要成分为含硫化合物(噻吩类、硫醚类)和含氧有机化合物(醇、酮、醛和酯)。研究为新疆洋葱籽资源的开发利用提供了理论依据。