Real-time molecular characterization of air pollutants in a Hong Kong residence: Implication of indoor source emissions and heterogeneous chemistry

Due to the high health risks associated with indoor air pollutants and long-term exposure, indoor air quality has received increasing attention. In this study, we put emphasis on the molecular composition, source emissions, and chemical aging of air pollutants in a residence with designed activities mimicking ordinary Hong Kong homes. More than 150 air pollutants were detected at molecular level, 87 of which were quantified at a time resolution of not less than 1 hour. The indoor-to-outdoor ratios were higher than 1 for most of the primary air pollutants, due to emissions of indoor activities and indoor backgrounds (especially for aldehydes). In contrast, many secondary air pollutants exhibited higher concentrations in outdoor air. Painting ranked first in aldehyde emissions, which also caused great enhancement of aromatics. Incense burning had the highest emissions of particle-phase organics, with vanillic acid and syringic acid as markers. The other noteworthy fingerprints enabled by online measurements included linoleic acid, cholesterol, and oleic acid for cooking, 2,5-dimethylfuran, stigmasterol, iso-/anteiso-alkanes, and fructose isomers for smoking, C₂₈-C₃₄ even n-alkanes for candle burning, and monoterpenes for the use of air freshener, cleaning agents, and camphor oil. We showed clear evidence of chemical aging of cooking emissions, giving a hint of indoor heterogeneous chemistry. This study highlights the value of organic molecules measured at high time resolutions in enhancing our knowledge on indoor air quality.     

基于网络的教学支撑平台的设计

目前国内外的网上教学支撑平台有一个共同的缺点,就是教材的制作不方便,需要教师较多地掌握网上教材制作技术,而且大多缺乏良好的师生交互机制。文章提出的网上教学支撑平台,并不需要教师具备IT背景,可方便利用系统自动生成网上课程。此外,该平台还增添了许多新的特色,如教学内容的多媒体化和个性化、教师直接管理和更新自己的网上讲义、在线考试机制、多重交互管道等。文章给出了系统结构、主要界面、功能模块。     

Finite Element Study on the Influence of Structural Parameters on the Ballistic Performance of 3D Networked Fabrics

Networked fabrics are a type of three-dimensional multilayer fabrics having predetermined interconnections between layers by combining yarns from two adjacent sublayers into one. This paper reports the research on the influence of structural parameters on the ballistic performance of networked fabrics using finite element analysis in parallel with experiment. The widths of separate and combined sections are found to affect the energy absorption (EA) of regular networked fabrics against high-velocity impact. Separate sections of networked fabrics generally outperform combined sections. The optimal width of the separate section is around 9.5 cm for both dense and loose networked fabrics when impacted at the separate section. The optimal width of combined section decreases from 2.38 cm to 1.15 cm with the decrease of weave density in this area. For the studied structural parameters, highest EAs of dense and loose networked fabrics are around 13.3% and 17.1% higher than those of their counterpart layups of dense and loose plain-woven fabrics, respectively. These findings suggest networked fabrics could be engineered to improve the ballistic performance of flexible fabrics.     

Quantification of Spice Mixture Compositions by Electronic Nose: Part I. Experimental Design and Data Analysis Using Neural Networks

ABSTRACT: A quantitative procedure was developed to predict the composition of ternary ground spice mixtures using an electronic nose. Basil, cinnamon, and garlic were mixed in different compositions and presented to an e-nose. Nineteen training mixtures were used to build predictive models. Model performance was tested using 5 other mixtures. Three neural network structures—multilayer perceptron (MLP), MLP using principal component analysis as a preprocessor (PCA-MLP), and the time-delay neural network (TDNN)—were used for predictive model building. All 3 neural network models predicted the testing mixtures' compositions with a mean square error (MSE) equal or less than 0.0051 (in a fraction domain where sum of fractions = 1). The TDNN provided the smallest MSE.     

Coverless Steganography for Digital Images Based on a Generative Model

In this paper, we propose a novel coverless image steganographic scheme based on a generative model. In our scheme, the secret image is first fed to the generative model database, to generate a meaning-normal and independent image different from the secret image. The generated image is then transmitted to the receiver and fed to the generative model database to generate another image visually the same as the secret image. Thus, we only need to transmit the meaning-normal image which is not related to the secret image, and we can achieve the same effect as the transmission of the secret image. This is the first time to propose the coverless image information steganographic scheme based on generative model, compared with the traditional image steganography. The transmitted image is not embedded with any information of the secret image in this method, therefore, can effectively resist steganalysis tools. Experimental results show that our scheme has high capacity, security and reliability.     

装配式RC框架黏滞阻尼器凸轮式响应放大#br# 消能体系的地震易损性分析

针对装配整体式结构抗震性能的不足及现有响应放大装置在罕震和极罕遇地震下容易失效的缺点,提出一种新型限位响应放大装置(凸轮式响应放大装置)。通过ABAQUS有限元软件进行凸轮式响应放大装置子单元的二次开发,进而对装配整体式框架结构实体模型进行动力时程分析。选取层间位移角为结构损伤指标,用动力增量法分别对未添加凸轮式响应放大装置的无控结构和添加后的减震结构进行地震易损性分析。结果表明：相对于无控结构,加设凸轮式响应放大装置的减震结构达到各级破坏状态的超越概率显著下降,抗震性能得到有效提高;凸轮式响应放大装置在各级地震作用下均有优良的减震效果,能有效降低结构的损伤程度;通过对易损性曲线的分析,可为装配整体式结构基于性态的设计方法提供依据。     

干式气柜结构的有限元分析

主要研究了大型干式气柜的有限元分析方法,详细阐述了该项目的整个计算过程和步骤,包括结构载荷计算、计算工况确定、建模方法、有限元计算和计算结果的评定等。     

纵荡对板翅式换热器通道内液化天然气流动沸腾换热特性的影响分析

海上纵荡工况下,板翅式换热器通道内两相流体相变流动特性会发生变化,从而影响换热器性能。为了明确纵荡对换热特性的影响机理,建立了纵荡工况下板翅式换热器通道内两相流动沸腾换热性能预测模型。首先对板翅式换热器内流型变化和传热传质机理进行分析,建立了陆基非晃荡工况下的流动与传热过程的数值模型;然后将纵荡加速度模型嵌入模型中,从而实现晃荡工况下换热特性的模拟;通过陆基工况下的实验数据对模型进行了验证。基于建立的模型,分析了不同干度下纵荡幅度和纵荡频率对传热性能的影响。结果显示：纵荡幅度增大,传热系数增大;纵荡频率提高,传热系数降低;随着干度的增大,纵荡对换热的影响逐渐由恶化变为加强;在0.2～0.8干度之间,纵荡对传热系数的影响因子范围为87.9%～110.0%;晃荡对传热系数时均值影响随工况不同而变化,最大恶化5.0%,最大强化2.0%。     

Surface Modification of Carbon Fibres for Interface Improvement in Textile Composites

The performance of carbon fibre-reinforced composites is dependent to a great extent on the properties of fibre-matrix interface. In this research, based on the reviewed surface modification technique and inspired by the in situ growth of three-dimensional graphene coatings on nanomaterials, a new method of in situ growth of a graphene-related structure on the surface of carbon fibres is to be applied, for which it is intended to use a mixed solution of Ferrous Sulfate Heptahydrate (FeSO₄· 7H₂O) and D-Glucose monohydrate (C₆H₁₂O₆ · H₂O) to treat the carbon fibres under specific conditions to in-situ growth of a graphene-related coatings on the surface of carbon fibres. Firstly, the method was carried out by heating the mixed solution under specific temperature on the silicon wafer substrate and followed with characterisation experiments such as Raman and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Then, the mixed solution was applied on the carbon fibres and treated under the same condition. The characterisation results indicated successfully growth of the porous carbon coatings on the surface of the carbon fibres, which contained with graphene-related structures, while other characterization experiment like Transition Electron Microscopy (TEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) will need to be used to further characterise the porous carbon structure. The interfacial shear strength between the fibre and the porous carbon coating also need to be characterised by using the micro-bond test.     

大型国产气动Y型密封圈在机械压力机上的应用

对机械压力机关键部件如平衡器、气动拉伸垫、离合器和制动器等的工况及其对大型气动密封圈的要求进行分析;通过分析国产大型Y型密封圈的密封性能和安装要求,对机械压力机的关键部件的密封结构进行优化,并通过在机械压力机上的实际运行验证国产大型气动Y型密封圈的可靠性。