EFFECT OF SOLAR DRYING ON THE COMPOSITION OF ESSENTIAL OIL OF SACHA CULANTRO (ERYNGIUM FOETIDUM L.) GROWN IN THE PERUVIAN AMAZON

Two solar drying methods (direct cabinet solar dryer and indirect cabinet solar dryer) were tested under tropical conditions for drying aerial parts of sacha culantro ( Eryngium foetidum L.) in Pucallpa City (Peruvian Amazon). The drying behavior was monitored during all experimental runs. Dried samples and fresh leaves were hydrodistilled and isolated oils were analyzed using gas chromatography with flame ionization detector and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. ( E )-2-dodecenal was determined as the main constituent of the sacha culantro essential oil, averaging 61.8–62.2%, followed by n -dodecanal (10.9–15.5%), ( E )-2-tetradecenal (6.7–7.6%) and 1-tetradecene (3.6–5.7%). When comparing both solar drying methods, the indirect method was found as more suitable for drying E. foetidum since the dried product resembled the fresh herb more closely in its chemicalcomposition and had better appearance. However, a better drying efficiency of 10.3% was achieved when drying in the direct solar dryer compared with 5.8% for the indirect solar dryer.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

Harvested leaves of sacha culantro are widely used as a condiment in a range of Peruvian, Latin American and Caribbean foods, including vegetable and meat dishes, canned food and sauces. There is lack of any postharvest processing of this herb although it may extend possibilities for use of the herb and facilitate the product export from local production areas and might be a good economic source for poor local farmers. This study shows solar drying as a reasonable preservation technique of sacha culantro leaves which may have a practical application in case of postharvest processing of the herb in the target region of Pucallpa City in Peruvian Amazon.     

Collagen and Elastin in Different Cuts of Veal and Beef

SUMMARY– The collagen and elastin content was determined in different cuts of veal and beef. Increases in the amount of total connective tissue are primarily due to increased amounts of collagen, whereas the elastin content is relatively constant. More collagen was found in veal than in beef. The amount of collagen solubilized by heating in one-fourth strength Ringer's solution was twice as high for veal as for beef. Results indicate that the amount of connective tissue proteins in meat is dependent upon the anatomical location and the physiological function of the muscles. Results of chemical and histological analysis are discussed from the standpoint of their nutritional significance.     

Processing of Potato Protein Concentrates and Their Properties

Protein recoveries from potato juice by ultrafiltration, polyelectrolyte-coagulation and cryoconcentration were compared. The best yield was obtained by ultrafiltration. Depending on the method of potato juice concentration, differences were observed in: foaming and emulsifying properties, wettability, swelling, and buffer capacity of preparations. The dried preparations contained a high level of proteolytic enzymes inhibitors and glucoalkaloids. Thermal inactivation of preparations before drying led to 43–48% destruction of protease inhibitors and 81–89% glycoalkaloids. At the same time it was observed that thermal treatment led to distinct changes in the amino acid composition of the proteins and had an adverse effect on the properties of the dried preparations.     

Characterisation of the Lactobacillus community in traditional Karst ewe's cheese

Ewe's cheese, produced in the Slovenian Karst region, was analysed for its lactobacilli population. Biochemical fingerprinting with PhenePlate™ LB grouped lactobacilli in 16 distinct PhP types. One representative from each PhP type was further analysed. Members of Lactobacillus paracasei, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus curvatus, and Lactobacillus brevis species were determined phenotypically. The genus-specific DNA band was amplified with all PhP representatives, whereas species-specific polymerase chain reaction efficiently determined only L. paracasei and L. brevis. Lactobacilli were highly to moderate sensitive to six antibiotics, and resistant to vancomycin. From halo formation in the agar spot method, indicators exerted a promising level of sensitivity for antimicrobials, produced by test microorganisms. Lactobacilli from Karst ewe's cheese offer a remarkable reservoir of 'natural' microbes.     

保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌共生机理的研究进展

乳酸菌在乳中的共生机制是非常复杂的网络体系。通过对蛋白质代谢、核苷酸碱基代谢、氧化性应激以及碳源物质代谢等方面的研究,对保加利亚乳杆菌与嗜热链球菌共生机理的研究进展进行详细的阐述。旨在为发酵剂菌体的筛选及应用提供参考。