Effect of the amount of protein and calcium in the diet on cadmium chloride absorption from the gastrointestinal tract

Experiments on rats kept on the diets with different content of protein (18, 30 and 5%) and calcium (0,6, 2.4, 0.1%) for a month were made to study the absorption coefficient of labeled cadmium from the gastrointestinal tract. It was established that the quota of calcium and protein in the diet exerts an appreciable effect on cadmium chloride absorption via the gastrointestinal tract. The highest coefficient of cadmium absorption was recorded on excess protein (30%) and calcium deficiency (0,1%) in the diet, whereas the least one in the group of animals fed the diet with a low protein quota (5%).     

Comparative evaluation of the biological availability of dietary and mineral cadmium

Experiments on rats were made to study absorption, distribution in tissues and bioavailability of feed (internal label) and mineral (external label) cadmium-109. It was established that feed cadmium is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract 6 times less effective as compared with an aqueous solution of cadmium chloride. In internal label, there takes place more rapid and more complete translocation of cadmium from blood plasma to red cells, whereas it bioavailability for the basic organs of deposition (kidneys, liver) is 5 times as decreased. Possible causes of the events described are discussed.     

The carcinogenic effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine and its amplification by x-rays in rats

5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR) injected to rats in the neonatal period is shown to produce a pronounced carcinogenic effect which brings about the appearance of various benign and malignant tumours. Exposure of females to X-ray total-body irradiation (1.5 Gy) was followed by intensification of the carcinogenic effect of BUdR. Assuming that this pyrimidine analog reacts solely with DNA substituting thymidine during DNA synthesis and induces point mutations due to tautomerization, the data obtained demonstrate the possibility of tumour induction by a selective DNA perturbation.     

Energy expenditures and the actual nutrition of workers in a synthetic leather plant

A study was made of energy expenditures and factual nutrition of the workers engaged in synthetic leather manufacture. Antropometric measurements were also taken. Based on the study of daily energy expenditures, the calculations were made of the optimal requirements of the main substances and energy. The actual nutrition of the workers was found to provide the necessary caloricity covering energy expenditures. However, definite shortcomings were revealed in the structure of the foods consumed, namely insufficient intake of vegetable fats, the prevalence of simple sugars in the structure of carbohydrate component, insufficient intake of vitamins A, B1 and folacin. According to the antropometric measurements 30,4% of the examined workers were obese.     

Pharmacokinetics of anthracycline antibiotics deposited by polymers

An increase of doxorubicin concentration in different organs and tissues and its decrease in the peripheral blood were observed when studying pharmacokinetics of this drug administered in the 10% solution of polyvinylpyrrolidone. A prolonged and stable release of carminomycin from glue composition MK-10-0 "carminacryl" confirms an expediency of alpha-cyanoacrylate use for deposition of anthracycline antibiotics with the aim of loco-regional chemotherapy.     

Iron, copper and manganese metabolism in young sportsmen on diets supplemented with vitamins and microelements

Young skiers and untrained schoolchildren were under observation. During autumn, they manifested an increase in trace elements in the blood, particularly iron and copper, whereas in spring and summer, a dramatic fall of these elements. Supplementation of the diets with vitamins did not produce any demonstrable beneficial effect on metabolism of trace elements. Intake of vitamins in conjunction with iron, copper and manganese was followed by a more pronounced increase, as compared with the "vitamin" and especially with the control groups, in hemoglobin, red cell count, ceruloplasmin activity and by the increment of trace elements in the blood in the presence of high retention of iron and manganese in the body.     

Mathematical modelling of perorally induced immunological tolerance

A mathematical model of the mechanism of development of orally induced immunologic tolerance has been suggested. The model presents a system of differential non-linear equations, and it is realized as a program in FORTRAN. The model describes primary and secondary immune responses, reflects the main features of the immune system response to antigen intake with food. The immune system model response to varying doses and frequency of the antigen intake with food has been studied. It has been established that repeated administration of small doses of the food antigen leads to a deeper tolerance due to lower stimulation of the immune system. The existence of optimal tolerogenic doses of the food antigen has been proved. Qualitative changes in the immune system response to the food antigen have been recorded in case of increased permeability of the intestinal wall.