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排序方式: 共有2217条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Real‐time monitoring by proton relaxometry of radical polymerization reactions of acrylamide in aqueous solution
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Elton Jorge da Rocha Rodrigues Roberto Pinto Cucinelli Neto Pedro José Oliveira Sebastião Maria Inês Bruno Tavares 《Polymer International》2018,67(6):675-683
The potential of time‐domain nuclear magnetic resonance (TD‐NMR) for the real‐time monitoring of solution radical polymerizations is demonstrated. A model system composed of a redox‐pair initiator system, acrylamide as monomer and water as solvent was investigated. A second‐generation continuous wave free precession technique was employed to measure the longitudinal relaxation time constant (T1) of the samples throughout the polymerization reactions. This parameter was shown to be sensitive to the reactant feed free‐radical enhancement of the water molecule relaxation time, making it a good probe to monitor monomer conversion in real time in an automated, non‐destructive fashion. It was found that the T1 value was better than the transverse relaxation time constant (T2) for describing the evolution of the polymerization reactions, due to its greater sensitivity to paramagnetic effects. The TD‐NMR signal variation observed was linked to the formation, propagation and termination steps of the radical polymerization kinetics scheme. These first results may contribute to the application of real‐time monitoring of radical polymerization reactions employing low‐cost and robust TD‐NMR spectrometers. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Min Jeong Noh Tae Gyun Kim In Kwon Hong Ki-Pung Yoo 《Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering》1995,12(1):48-55
A new transparent microscale circulation-type high pressure equilibrium cell with on-line sampling was devised. With this
apparatus, experimental solubility of molecularly complex species such as steroids (cholesterol, stigmasterol and ergosterol)
and fatty acids (palmitic acid and stearic acid) in supercritical carbon dioxide(sc-C02) were measured. Also, to find an appropriate substance for enhancing both the polarity and the solubility power of the SC-CO2 solvent, we arbitrarily selected three polar substances such as acetone, methanol and water and the effect of these cosolvents
on the solubility of solutes in SC-CO2 are examined. The supercritical phase equilibrium data of solute-cosolvent-sc-CO2 systems were quantitatively correlated using a new equation of state based on the lattice fluid theory incorporated with
the concept of multibody interaction. We found that the addition of tracer amount of acetone or methanol to SC-CO2 enhances the solubility of all solutes about thirty to sixty times when compared with the case of pure sc-CO2 However, for the case of cosolvent water, no further enhancement of the solubility of solutes was realized. Also, the versatile
fittability of the equation of state proposed in this work was demonstrated with the newly measured ternary supercritical
equilibrium data. 相似文献
4.
Summary In this study, new hydrogels in rod shape were prepared from N-acryloyl-TRIS(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (NAT) using ethylene glycol dimethacrylate (EGDMA) or N,N’methylenebisacrylamide (BIS) as crosslinking agent, dimethylformamide (DMF) as solvent and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiator. In most cases, 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), acrylamide (Aam) or acrylic acid (Aac) were used as co-monomers. The polymeric matrices obtained by free radical polymerization exhibited different properties by changing crosslinker, crosslinker concentration, co-monomer and initial NAT/co-monomer mole ratio. Besides, hydrogels from HEMA, Aam and Aac with BIS in absence of NAT were prepared under the same experimental reaction conditions in order to compare the properties of these products with those synthesized from NAT and the respective co-monomers. Some of the final products were selected to perform urea release assays, conducted through swelling-controlled release. Urea was chosen as “model” plant fertilizer agent. 相似文献
5.
Motoharu Fujigaki In Hong Yang Yoshiharu Morimoto Eung Kyo Han 《NDT & E International》1996,29(4):197-203
There is no good method to measure the shape and the strain distributions of a structure changing with time. We have previously proposed the Fourier transform grid method (FTGM) to measure the three-dimensional shape and surface strain distributions of stationary objects by analysing the two-dimensional grating images recorded with two cameras. In the stereoscopic method, it is very important to determine the accurate geometric parameters of the camera system. In this paper, the positions and the directions of cameras are accurately determined using the FTGM applied to images of a reference object on which a two-dimensional grating is drawn. Applications for analysing shape and strain distributions of vibrating rubber plates and a moving human skin are shown. 相似文献
6.
Kwang Soo Lee In Soo Park & Dong Sun Lee 《International Journal of Food Science & Technology》1996,31(1):7-13
The aim of this study was to design a modified atmosphere package for a mixed vegetable salad consisting of 75 g of cut carrot, 55 g of cut cucumber, 20 g of sliced garlic and 50 g of whole green pepper. Respiration data of all the components were combined with film permeability data to predict package atmospheres and design optimal packages for experimental testing for improved shelf-life of the produce. The optimal package avoided minimum O2 and maximum CO2 tolerance limits, and chilling injury temperatures for any component. A pouch form package made of 27 mm low density polyethylene developed a modified atmosphere of 2.0–2.1% O2 and 5.5–5.7% CO2 , which was beneficial for all components and provided better quality retention than other test packages. 相似文献
7.
Jae-Hee Han Su Hong Lee A.S. Berdinsky Yong Weon Kim Ji-Beom Yoo Chong-Yun Park Jin Ju Choi Taewon Jung In Taek Han Jong Min Kim 《Diamond and Related Materials》2005,14(11-12):1891
In this report, the FE characteristics of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) treated using both thermal annealing and mechanical coatings on the as-grown CNTs systematically studied. It was found that in the high temperature annealed samples, CNTs were attacked at its root during annealing due to a small amount of oxygen, and were pulled out of the substrate in places after FE measurements because of the contact resistance. However, for the mechanically coated samples both with spin on glass (SOG) and polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), CNTs were found to be nearly intact after FE measurements and showed reliable FE characteristics over repeatable voltage scan. The reliability of CNTs during FE could be owing to the strong adhesion of CNTs to the substrate both by SOG and PMMA coatings. 相似文献
8.
The deactivation characteristics of Pd/SiO2 in the selective hydrogenation of acetylene were correlated with changes in the amount of the C4 species produced. The amounts of butenes produced changed in parallel with the catalyst activity, indicating that the rate limiting step for butene production was the same as that for acetylene hydrogenation. On the other hand, the amount of 1,3-butadiene produced changed, showing a maximum with catalyst deactivation because 1,3-butadiene is an intermediate in the sequential reaction process which involves both the production and consumption of 1,3-butadiene. This was verified by a simultaneous TG/reaction experiment showing that 1,3-butadiene was a precursor of green oil. The catalyst showed a self-regenerative behavior in its activity and the amounts of C4 species produced during the early stage of deactivation because two opposite factors, which contributed to either the lowering or the promotion of activity, were involved in the process. A specific type of polymer species, produced during the initial period of deactivation, is proposed to be responsible for the promotion of catalyst activity. 相似文献
9.
Synthesis of ultrafine LiCoO2 powders by the sol-gel method 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Ultrafine high-temperature (HT) LiCoO2 powders were synthesized by the sol-gel method using polyacrylic acid (PAA) as a chelating agent. The decomposition process of the gel precursor was examined to determine the crystallization temperature and the dependence of the physicochemical properties of HT-LiCoO2 powders on the PAA quantity was extensively investigated. Polycrystalline HT-LiCoO2 powders, composed of very uniformly sized ultrafine particulates with an average particle size of 30–50 nm and a specific surface area of 2.3–17 m2g–1, could be obtained at the lower calcination temperature of 550 °C and the shorter calcination time of 1 h compared to the solid-state reaction. 相似文献
10.
In Kwon Kim Rae-Hong Park 《IEEE transactions on image processing》1996,5(4):587-597
In this paper, we propose a coding algorithm for still images using vector quantization (VQ) and fractal approximation, in which low-frequency components of an input image are approximated by VQ, and its residual is coded by fractal mapping. The conventional fractal coding algorithms indirectly used the gray patterns of an original image with contraction mapping, whereas the proposed fractal coding method employs an approximated and then decimated image as a domain pool and uses its gray patterns. Thus, the proposed algorithm utilizes fractal approximation without the constraint of contraction mapping. For approximation of an original image, we employ the discrete cosine transform (DCT) rather than conventional polynomial-based transforms. In addition, for variable blocksize segmentation, we use the fractal dimension of a block that represents the roughness of the gray surface of a region. Computer simulations with several test images show that the proposed method shows better performance than the conventional fractal coding methods for encoding still pictures. 相似文献