Peanut and Walnut Rancidity: Effects of Oxygen Concentration and Relative Humidity

Accelerated tests for oxidative rancidity of blanched peanuts, blanched dry-roasted peanuts, blanched oil-roasted peanuts and shelled Persian walnuts were performed at high and low oxygen content at controlled intermediate and low relative humidities. The results confirmed and quantified the importance of oxygen content, relative humidity and roasting process in the oxidative rancidity of peanuts and walnuts. There is a potential to extend shelf-life of roasted peanuts and walnuts by edible coatings with low oxygen permeability or nitrogen-flushing with oxygen barrier packaging. Static headspace chromatography was useful to monitor oxidative rancidity in walnuts and roasted peanuts.     

RELAXATION BEHAVIOR AND THE APPLICATION OF INTEGRAL CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS TO WHEAT DOUGH

The small amplitude rheological properties of doughs of different compositions were measured using a dynamic rheometer. In the first study, the effect of water, flour, and added gluten on the dynamic properties was investigated. Frequency sweep was carried out in the range of 0. 1 to 100 s⁻¹ at an applied strain of 0. 1%. Storage (G') and loss (G") moduli for each composition were recorded. The storage modulus versus frequency plots were a series of parallel curves indicating that the moisture-to-flour ratio was the most important parameter. The loss modulus versus frequency plot showed a falling-off after a frequency of 40 s⁻¹. A plot of tan δ versus frequency indicated a more elastic dough at shorter time     

基于博弈视角的交通信息提供与道路收费联合定价模型

针对信息提供和拥堵收费两种交通管制策略, 研究了两种策略联合作用下的定价机制。首先构建了政府、信息提供商决策空间, 在分析出行者路径选择行为的基础上, 给出了交通信息市场占有率计算模型; 然后提出了弹性条件下具有/不具有交通信息的混合交通网络均衡分配模型, 得到了出行者的决策空间, 在此基础上提出了基于博弈视角的交通信息提供与道路收费联合定价模型, 设计了求解算法; 最后, 以一个算例对模型进行了分析。结论表明, 社会收益水平及交通信息的质量都会对交通信息及道路收费价格产生显著的影响。此外, 模型的算例结果还与经验较为吻合, 表明模型的实用性和合理性。     

混合遗传算法求解应急抢修点选址问题

考虑设备应急抢修的时限要求和整个应急抢修系统的服务质量要求,采用0-1整数规划模型描述了应急抢修点选址问题,并针对该问题设计了一种混合遗传算法。在算法中使用启发式算法对种群中的不可行解进行修复,以保持种群在可行域内搜索,并采用近邻搜索算法改善种群中的最佳个体。算例计算的结果表明,该算法求得的结果要优于基于罚函数的遗传算法和采用简单修复算法的遗传算法。     

基于知识推理的导向器类零件精铸模具单元体智能切分

导向器类零件分体式精铸的关键技术之一是切分得到蜡模模具设计的内、外环及叶片单元体即如何实现分割面的生成。应用数学推理表达经验知识,得到参数化分割面,为快捷准确的设计与制造导向器类零件精铸模具奠定了基础。     

基于时空棱柱方法的目的地选择行为建模

基于时空棱柱方法,将人的活动区域限制在一定的时空棱柱体内,根据出行者的活动计划,确定在一定时间限制下活动场所在空间上的可达性。提出了目的地选择行为分层的建模策略。引入小区吸引力因子,构建了非线性效用函数的目的地选择行为模型,探讨了小区吸引力因子的量化过程、参数标定及结果检验。结果表明:结合出行的时空约束和地理信息系统(Geographic information system,GIS)分析能够确定出行者的目的地选择集合。具有小区吸引力因子的非线性效用函数能够更准确地预测目的地选择行为。本文研究将出行理论与出行者的实际行为相结合,为目的地选择行为的建模提供了一种新思路。     

MATLAB图像处理在水产养殖中的应用

介绍了一种通过MATLAB图像处理的方法,对水产养殖中鱼的病变情况进行监控的系统。根据中值滤波的原理,对灰度图像进行滤波,抑制噪声;根据二值化原理,将灰度图像进行二值化处理;根据收缩与扩张的原理,编写程序,对二值图像进行数次收缩与扩张,以达到去除杂质点的目的。最后采用区域矩特征的概念,找出判断鱼类出现病变的判断依据,即零阶矩,也就是白色像素的面积,只要统计出白色像素的数目,与统计数据相比较,即可判断出是否出现鱼类病变等异常情况。     

Mass spectrometry fragmentation pattern of coloured flavanol‐anthocyanin and anthocyanin‐flavanol derivatives in aged red wines of Rioja

Background and Aims: During wine ageing, a great variety of reactions take place, resulting in an immense variety of products whose structure sometimes remains unknown. The aim of this work is the study of different fragmentation patterns of flavanol‐anthocyanin derivatives formed along the wine ageing; these patterns are useful for elucidating the different structures of these compounds and other new related ones. Methods and Results: Several wines from the Protected Denomination of Origin Rioja have been studied by an analytical method that combines column chromatography and high‐performance liquid chromatography with diode array and mass and tandem mass spectrometric detections. Thirty‐five coloured flavanol‐anthocyanin compounds formed by direct reaction or by acetaldehyde‐mediated condensation have been identified. For direct reaction derivatives, two different fragmentation patterns (one of them not previously reported) have been observed depending on the position of flavanol in the coloured derivative. Several compounds have been identified in aged wines for the first time to the authors' knowledge, like (+)‐gallocatechin‐cyanidin‐3‐glucoside and (+)‐catechin‐cyanidin‐3‐glucoside Conclusions: The developed analytical procedure has allowed the identification of some compounds for the first time, and two different fragmentation patterns have been observed depending on the position of flavanol in the pigment. Significance of the Study: The establishment of different fragmentation patterns allows the structural elucidation of unknown compounds.     

<i>In Silico</i> analysis and linking of metabolism-related genes with the immune landscape in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

Metabolic reprogramming and immunologic suppression are two critical characteristics promoting the progression of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). The integrative analysis of all the metabolism-related genes (MRGs) in HNSCC is lacking and the interaction between the metabolism and the immune characteristics also requires more exploration to uncover the potential mechanisms. Therefore, this study was designed to establish a prognostic signature based on all the MRGs in HNSCC. Genes of HNSCC samples were available from the TCGA and GEO databases while the MRGs were retrieved from a previous study. Ultimately 4 prognostic MRGs were selected to construct a model possessing robust prognostic value and accuracy in TCGA cohorts. The favorable reproducibility of this model was confirmed in validation cohorts from GEO databases. The risk score calculated by this model was an independent prognostic factor that further classified these HNSCC patients into high-/low-risk groups. GSEA analyses and somatic mutations indicated the low-risk group could activate several anti-tumor pathways and possessed lower TP53 mutation. The results of ESTIMATE, single-sample GSEA, CIBERSORT, and some immune-related molecules analyses suggested the low-risk group exhibited lower metabolic activities and higher immune characteristics. The Spearman correlation test implied most metabolic pathways with tumor-promoting function were negatively correlated with the immune activity, indicating a plausible approach of combining the anti-metabolism and the immunotherapy drugs in the high-risk group to enhance therapeutic effects than applied separately. In conclusion, this prognostic signature linking MRGs with the immune landscape could promote the individualized treatment for HNSCC patients.