Microstructures of a powder metallurgy-hot-isostatically pressed super duplex stainless steel forming in industrial heat treatments

The microstructures of a powder metallurgy/hot-isostatically pressed super duplex stainless steel, designed and manufactured for massive components of paper machines, were studied after heat treatments simulating the industrial production. It was shown that copper precipitates in the ferrite phase as ɛ phase. Morphologically, the copper precipitates are of two types—nearly spherical particles of typical size from 30 to 50 nm, and rodlike particles 30- to 35-nm wide, and up to 700-nm long. The main observations on copper precipitation in modern super duplex stainless steels are similar to those in low-alloy steels. Copper particles were shown to be the nucleation sites for the formation of secondary austenite and to pin the boundaries of sigma phase.     

A Dialogue with C. West Churchman

In 1996, the author attended a seminar on ethics given by C. West Churchman at the University of California, Berkeley. During that year, the author also interviewed Churchman several times regarding the future direction of information sciences in general and the information systems research field in particular. This article is a compilation of the seminar and the interviews. It is set in the context of both Churchman's earlier and his current views of a global god, good, kindness, and caring. C. West Churchman holds that global ethics should lead to the study and design of information systems to solve large and difficult problems of the humankind such as poverty, crime and disease. His Global Ethical Management (GEM) of information sciences translates into abandoning the current goals and boundaries of the information sciences fields and changing what constitutes valid research to globally ethical endeavors.     

Radio network planning process and methods for WCDMA

This paper describes the system dimensioning and the radio network planning methodology for a third generation wcdma system. The applicability of each method is demonstrated using examples of likely system scenarios. The challenges of modeling the multiservice environment are described and the implications to the system performance simulations are introduced.     

Stability and functionality of freeze-dried probiotic Bifidobacterium cells during storage in juice and milk

We investigated the stability of differently produced (variables being fermentation time, pH during drying, and cryoprotectant) freeze-dried Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis E-2010 (Bb-12) cells in fruit juice and low-fat milk. In addition, the effect of the food matrix on the acid and bile tolerance of the cells was studied. Cells produced in different ways had comparable stability in milk, whereas in juice, sucrose-protected cells survived better than reconstituted skim milk-protected cells. The acid and bile tolerance was better in cells added to milk compared with those in phosphate buffered saline or juice. Despite good culturable stability in milk the acid and bile tolerance of cells decreased during the storage. Apparently, culturable stability data alone do not give an accurate enough prediction of the probiotic functionality in adverse conditions (e.g. survival in acid and bile stress). When choosing a cryoprotectant for a probiotic also the stability in target food applications should be considered.     

Electronic Commerce Internet Strategies and Business Models-A Survey

Today, any doubts about possibilities of significant profits over the Internet are a distant memory. Such has been the proliferation of Internet-based business on the public network. But electronic commerce has turned out to be more difficult to master than previously assumed. For many, ventures have been less lucrative than expected. The problem is that integrating business models with technology is a multifaceted and largely open question (Shaw, et al. 1997). How do businesses of various sizes and industries actually start their Internet activity and how do their business models change over time? More specifically, how do their different Internet strategies play out? This article is the result of a survey of the Internet strategies and business models of 280 companies that sell products and services on the public network. The results show that electronic commerce has penetrated companies of all sizes. Based on this survey it is apparent that while many companies have participated in electronic commerce for years, their business models are still in their infancy stages.     

Negative peer reactions from the perspective of the reactor.

Conducted 2 studies to examine negative social reactions from the perspective of rejecting peers. The purpose of Study 1 was to test an attributional model of negative peer reactions in which perceptions of responsibility and specific emotions mediate between deviant peer characteristics and negative social responses. The more children perceived atypical classmates to be responsible for their idiosyncrasies, the more anger and less sympathy they reported. Anger increased rejection and decreased social support, whereas sympathy facilitated social support. In Study 2, the effects of responsibility perceptions and affective reactions (annoyance) on social responses were tested with an experimental design. Perceived responsibility influenced liking and support, whereas annoyance affected sympathy, support, and rejection. The results are discussed with respect to intervention programs that would improve children's social acceptance. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)